南京在战国时叫什么在此先谢过热心解答的朋友_备孕

越城：公元前472年

金陵邑：公元前333年

秣陵：公元前210年

建业：公元211年

建邺：公元282年

建康：公元313年

蒋州：公元589年

升州：唐朝

江宁府：公元937年

建康府：公元1127年

南京（应天府）：公元1368年

江宁府：公元1645年

天京：公元1853年

南京府：1912年

南京特别市（首都特别市）：公元1927年

南京市：公元1930年

南京市（中央直辖市）：公元1949年5月10日

南京市（江苏省辖市）：公元1953年1月

南京市（计划单列市）：公元1989年

南京市（副省级市）：公元1994年

Confucius[kən’fu∫jəs 孔子] temple[templ寺庙 ] &the Qinhuai river scenic[si:nik风光 ] area[εə riə 地带]

孔庙和秦淮河风光带

1:The Confucius temple, located [lou’keitid位于]at the Qinhuai River scenic[si:nik风景的] area,

孔庙位于秦淮河风光带

2:is a well-known tourist[tu:rist旅游者 ] resort[ri’zэ:t常去度假的地方 ] of the ancient capital Nanjing .

她是古都南京闻名的旅游度假地。

3the river banks of Qinhuai are known for Confucius Temple

秦淮河因孔庙而闻名。

4and jointly[ d3эintli连带地] called the Confucius temple area.

因此也叫夫子庙地区。

5the Confucius temple is no doubt[ daut 怀疑] the most famous.

孔庙无疑是最著名的

6The temple is the place for people to pay worship[wə:∫ip 崇拜] to Confucius.

庙是供人们崇拜孔子的地方

7:The Confucius temple here in Nanjing was first built in 1034

孔庙在南京第一次建于1034。

8and rebuilt[ri:blt重建] in 1986

重建于1986年

9The temple we often mentioned[men∫ən提出] should include[inklu:d包括] three architectural [a:kitekt∫ərə建筑]complexes[kэmpleks群，综合体]:

我们常提的孔庙应该包括三个建筑群：

10the temple of Confucius with the hall of great achievements[ə’t∫i:vmənt大成] as the main [mein主要的]body,

孔庙及主体建筑大成殿

11the palace[pælis宫殿] of learning and the imperial[impiəriəl帝国] examination [igzæmi’nei∫ən考试]center.

学宫和国家考试中心。

12As early as in 337 A.D.[ei’di:公元],

早在公元337年

13but at that time there was only the palace[pælis宫殿] of learning without the Confucius temple.

那时仅有学宫，没有孔庙。

14The temple was built up and extended[ikstendid扩大] on the basis [beisis基础]of the palace of learning until 1034.

直到1034年孔庙才在学宫的基础上建立和扩大起来

15The Confucius temple complex[kэmpleks 复杂] covers [k∧və 包括]the pan[pæn畔] pool[pu:l池],screen[skri:n屏，照壁] wall,the gateway[geitwei通道] of all scholars[skэlə学生，有文化],

孔庙综合包括：泮池、照壁、天下文枢坊、

16juxing[聚星] pavilion[pə’viljən亭],Kuixing[魁星] pavilion, Lingxing[灵星 ] gate,

聚星亭、魁星亭、棂星门。

17the hall of great achievements[ə‘t∫i:vmənt 达成] and the gate etc[ =et cetera等等et’setərə ].

大成殿和大成门等等。

18As the confucius temple in qufu，Shandong province

在山东省曲阜的孔庙

19is built by the side of the pan river,

是建在泮水之滨的

20all the temples of Confucius in the country

所有全国的孔庙

21are built at the riverside

都建在河边

22and the water in front of Confucius temple is called pan pool.

孔庙前面的水叫泮池。

23And this has become a custom[k∧st∂m惯例] through[θru：在期间] long usage[ju：sidЗ惯用法]

这形成了长期的惯例。

24this confucirs temple makes the natural stream[stri：m流动] of the Qinhuai river as its pan pool,

这里的夫子庙把秦淮河流动的水作为它的泮池

25which is also called the pool of crescent[kresnt新月] moon “by the local[louk∂l当地] people.

当地的人们把它叫着月牙池

26Standing at the southern bank of the pan pool is the screen[skri：n屏] wall,

泮池南边站立的是照壁

27which is 110 meters long and 10 meters high.

它110米长，10米高

28it ranks[ræηk最高点] top among all the screen walls across[∂’krэ：s遍布各地] the county.

它位于全国所有照壁之冠

29The wall was built in 1575 and newly renovated [‘ren∂,veit重做]in 1984 .

这个照壁建于1575年，近来重建于1984年

30the function [f∧ηk∫n功能]of the wall

照壁的功能

31was to indicate[indikeit表明] that the confucirs’ learning was too profound[pr∂faund渊博] to be understood by common[kэm∂n普通] folks.[fouk民众]

是表明孔子渊博的学问被普通百姓所接受

32Another function was to cover up遮挡 the main building of the temple,

另一功能是遮挡住寺庙的主体建筑

33so as to以便 give people an impression .[impre∫∂n印象]of its grandeur[’græn dЗ∂辉煌] and magnificence[mæg’nifisns庄严]

以便给人们一个它辉煌而庄严的印象

34The gateway[geitwei入口处] of all scholars[skэl∂学者] was first built in 1586 in an imitation[imitei∫∂n仿制] of that in Qufu.

天下文枢坊始建于1586年仿曲阜天下文枢坊，

35The meaning of the structure[str∧k t∫∂] was to refer[rif∂：归于] to Confucius as the hub[h∧b中心] of all writings and ethics[eθiks道德] in ancient times.

它结构的意思是所有文章和道德的中心都归于孔子。

36lingxing gate is also called the gate of etiquette[eti’ket礼仪]

棂星门又叫礼仪门

37specially built for emperors[emp∂r∂皇帝] to offer[э：f∂提供] sacrifice[sækrifais祭祀] to Confucius .

它是专为皇帝祭祀孔子而建的

38the gate built in front of confucius temple

它建于孔庙前

39implies[implai暗指] the meaning of

它的寓意是

40“people of talent[tæl∂nt天才] coming forth[fэ：θ涌现] in large numbers[n∧mb∂大量]

大量人才涌现

41and stability[st∂‘biliti稳定] of the country.”

国家稳定

42Dacheng gate or the gate of great achievements[∂t∫ivm∂nt达成]

大成门或集大成的门，

43is also called halberd[hæb∂d戟] gate,

又叫戟门

44which is the front door of the Confucius temple.

它是孔庙的前门

45As Confucius epitomized[ipit∂maiz作为缩影] Chinese culture,

作为中国文化的宿影的孔子

46he was posthumously[pэstjum∂死后] granted[gra：ntid假定] the title[taitl称号] of super saint[seint圣徒] Confucius.

他死后被授予至圣先师的称号

47In the entrance[entr∂ns入口] hall[门厅] of the gate there are four old stone tablets [tæblit碑]:

在大门的入口门厅有四块古石碑

48The tablets of Confucius asking laozi of the ethical[eθiks道德] codes[koud经].[孔子问礼图碑]

一是孔子请教老子道德经的图碑

49It was made in 484 A.D. during the southern dynasty

它是刻于南朝公元484年

50recorded[rekэ：d记录] on the tablet is the personal[p∂s∂nl个人] experience[ikspi∂ri∂ns经验] of Confucius on his visit to Luoyang,

碑上记录的是孔子去洛阳访问的经验

51the capital of the eastern zhou dynasty in 518 B.C.

在公元前518年东周王朝首都

52where Confucius made investigations[investingei∫∂n研究] on the system of institutions[institju：∫∂n制度] of the zhou

孔子研究了周王朝制度

53and went in quest[kwest寻找] of the ways of how to prosper[prэsp∂繁荣] and stabilize[steibilaiz稳定] the country

去寻找了如何繁荣和稳定国家的方法

54and of how to consolidate[k∂nsэlideit联合] the power of slave[sleiv奴隶] owners[oun∂主人] in the lu state[steit国家].

如何在鲁国联合奴隶主的力量

55The tablet of jiqing Confucius temple.

[集庆孔庙碑]

56In 1308 when the yuan dynasty reigned[rein统治] over the country,

1308年，元朝统治全国

57emperor wuzong issued[i∫iu发布] an imperial[impi∂ri∂l帝国] edict[i：dikt布告]

武宗皇帝发布了圣旨

58”take education as the state administration[∂dministre∫∂n管理] of the empire[empai∂皇权]”

以兴学作士为王政

59In the next fall when the Confucius temple started to be rebuilt ,

第二年孔庙开始被重建

60lu zhi wrote an inscription[inskrip∫∂n碑文] for the tablet.

卢挚为碑撰写了碑文

61but the tablet was not made right away until 22 years later in 1330.

当时没有勒石，直到22年后在1330年

62In the xianfeng years of the qing dynasty,the Confucius temple was burnt down in a war

清朝咸丰年，在战争中被毁，

63and the tablet was missing[misiη失踪]

此碑失踪。.

64during the reconstruction[ri：k∂nstr∧kl∂n重建] of the Confucius temple in 1986, the tablet happened[偶然发生] to be unearthed[∧n’∂：θ发掘] from the underground[地下]

1986年复建文庙时碑在地下被发现

65The tablet of the four saints[封四圣碑]

66In 1331 emperor wenzong of the yuan dynasty granted [gra：ntid加封]the four disciples[di’sai’pl门徒] of Confucius

在1331年元朝文宗皇帝加封孔子的四个门徒

67Yanhui, zengshen, kongji and mengke as 4 saints[] second to Confucius

颜回、曾参、孔伋和孟轲为四亚圣

68and they were carved [ka：v雕刻]on a stone tablet to inform [infэ：m告知]the whole country.

以此刻在石碑上告知全国。

67tablet of madam super saint Confucius.[封至圣夫人碑]

68 In 1331 the wife of Confucius was posthumously awarded the title of Madam Super Saint(孔子之妻被加封为至圣夫人)

1331年孔子之妻被加封为至圣夫人

69and a stone tablet was made for her according to the imperial decree (以此旨勒石刻碑) and erected here side by side with the tablet of the four saints (与封四氏碑并列于夫子庙) .

70Dacheng Hall or the Hall of Great Achievements (大成殿) is the main building of Confucian Temple

大成殿是文庙的主体建筑，

71and the very place to enshrine and worship Confucius (供奉和祭祀孔子的地方).

72 The hall is a double-eaved and gable-roofed structure in ancient imitation (重檐歇山顶仿古建筑),

73Displayed in the hall there is a huge portrait of Confucius (孔子巨幅画像),

which is the largest one through out the country.

Also put on show are the portraits of Yan Hui (颜回), Zeng Shen (曾参), Kong Ji (孔伋) (the grandson of Confucius) and Mengke (Mencius), the four disciples of Confucius as well as a number of ancient musical instruments.

Hung on the inner walls of the hall there are 38 jade-and-jadeite-carved paintings inlaid with gold, jewelry and mother-of-pearl (罗钿) about the life story of Confucius (孔子生平事迹).

In the temple courtyard (庙院) enclosed by roofed corridors, there is a large open-air terrace (露台), which used to be an altar for holding sacrificial ceremony and performance of songs and dance (曾是祭祀和歌舞的地方). on the terrace there stands a huge bronze statue of Confucius. the forehead of the statue appears a unique wisdom-and-foresight of the great thinker (眉宇间透露出伟大思想家特有的睿智), better making a deep impression on visitors.

Juxing Pavilion At the west of the temple square there stands a hexagonal pavilion (the pavilion with its 6 eaves upturned) called “Juxing”. The name of Juxing means “assembly of stars” (群星汇聚) and “a galaxy of talent” (人才荟萃), because all the men of letters or well-educated people were regarded as stars over the sky in feudal China. Juxing pavilion was the place for intellectuals to converge on (聚集) and to learn from each other by exchanging their experience in study (切磋学习心得).

Kuixing Pavilion (now called Kuiguang Pavilion) (魁光阁) at the east of Pan Pool lies the Kuixing Pavilion, which is also called the Pavilion of God of Literature (文星阁). The three-storied hexagonal tower was the place for provincial examination candidates (乡试士子们) to pay worship to Confucius before they sit for imperial examinations (应考前拜孔的地方). Later,the pavilion was turned into a teahouse (茶社) for candidates (考生) to meet friends with tea drinking.

Kuixing is the star at the tip of the bowl of the Big Dipper (魁为北斗星之第一星), one of the 28 constellations over the sky (天上28个星宿之一). It was said to be God of literature dominating the fortune of culture and education (主宰文运之神) and ,Confucius was regarded as the God. In times of imperial examinations (在科举时代), the examination candidates often came to offer sacrifice to Confucius in the hope of successfully passing the imperial examinations and becoming a provincial graduate (以求中举).

The Palace of Learning (学宫) The Palace of Learning is an architectural complex consisting of Mingde Hall or the Hall of Bright Virtue (明德堂), Zunjing Library (尊经阁), Qingyun Tower (青云楼) and Ancestral Temple for Worshiping the Parents of Confucius (崇圣祠) etc.. The Palace of Learning was an institution of higher learning (高等学府) of the prefecture in ancient times, usually built behind Confucian Temple.

Mingde Hall or the Hall of Bright Virtue (明德堂) was the main hall (正堂) of Palace of Learning ,the place for putting up the list of successful candidates (张悬科第题名榜) in the years of the imperial examination system and was also an assembly auditorium (集会礼堂) for the students to attend lectures on Confucius teachings(圣教)and imperial edicts (上谕) given by assistant instructor(听训导师宣讲圣教和上谕) after their pilgrimage on the first and the 15th day (朔、望日) every lunar month.

Zunjing Library (尊经阁) was a two-storied building with each having 5 rooms (上下两层各五楹). The upstairs was used to collect the Chinese traditional learning of the Ming Dynasty (明代国学),. The downstairs was the lecture hall (讲堂)，where assistant instructors (训导师) used to give students lectures.

Qingyun Tower (青云楼) and Ancestral temple of Confucius Parents (崇圣祠)

The Qingyun Tower is a memorial temple (祠宇或祠堂) for enshrining educational inspectors (督学) of the past dynasties (青云楼是供奉历代督学使的祠宇). The Ancestral Temple for Parents (崇圣祠) of Confucius was the place for students to offer sacrifices to Confucius parents. But someone also says it is the Saint-Admiring Temple specially for enshrining the deciples of Confucius (是祭祀孔门弟子的专祠).

《南京条约》的主要内容有：

1、割香港岛给英国。（丧失领土主权）

2、开放广州、厦门、福州、宁波、上海为通商口岸，允许英国人在通商口岸设驻领事馆。（丧失贸易主权）

3、中国向英国赔款2100万元。2100万元的成分是： 600万赔偿鸦片，300万偿还英商债务，1200万英军军费。（大量白银外流）

4、英国在中国的进出口货物纳税，中国与英国共同议定。（丧失关税主权）

5、英国商人可以自由地与中国商人交易，不受“公行”的限制。（丧失贸易主权）

扩展资料

《南京条约》签订的影响有：

1、《南京条约》为中国近代历史上第一个不平等条约，其与作为附约的《中英五口通商章程》和《五口通商附粘善后条款》，产生重大历史影响。

2、从社会性质上看，《南京条约》的签订，使得中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会。

3、政治上，中国领土和主权的完整遭到破坏，开始丧失了政治上的独立地位。

4、经济上，中国的小农业和家庭手工业相结合的自给自足的经济结构，由于战后外国资本主义的经济入侵而逐渐解体，中国经济也逐渐成为世界资本主义的附庸。