linux *** 作系统中，加载和删除内核模块的命令是什么？

modprobe命令

Linux命令：modprobe 。

功能说明：自动处理可载入模块。

语法：modprobe [-acdlrtvV][--help][模块文件][符号名称 = 符号值]。

补充说明：modprobe可载入指定的个别模块，或是载入一组相依的模块。modprobe会根据depmod所产生的相依关系，决定要载入哪些模块。若在载入过程中发生错误，在modprobe会卸载整组的模块。

内容

1、modprobe 命令是根据depmod -a的输出/lib/modules/version/modules.dep来加载全部的所需要模块。

2、删除模块的命令是：modprobe -r filename。

3、系统启动后，正常工作的模块都在/proc/modules文件中列出。使用lsmod命令也可显示相同内容。

4、在内核中有一个“Automatic kernel module loading"功能被编译到了内核中。当用户尝试打开某类型的文件时，内核会根据需要尝试加载相应的模块。/etc/modules.conf或 /etc/modprobe.conf文件是一个自动处理内核模块的控制文件。

modprobe命令主要用于在Linux 2.6内核中加载和删除Linux内核模块。通过此命令用户可以轻松地加载和删除Linux内核模块，同时使用此命令加载Linux内核模块时，Linux内核会自动解决内核模块之间的依赖关系，将相互依赖的模块自动加载，如下所示：

1) 加载RAID1阵列级别模块：

[root@rhel5 boot]# modprobe raid1

2) 显示已加载的RAID1阵列级别模块：

[root@rhel5 boot]# lsmod |grep raid1 raid1 25153 0

3) 删除RAID1阵列级别模块：

[root@rhel5 boot]# modprobe -r raid1

4) 显示RAID1阵列级别模块：

[root@rhel5 boot]# lsmod |grep raid1

modprobe命令在加载模块时会自动解决依赖的模块。当加载的模块需依赖另一个模块时，系统会自动将此模块加载。而当用户使用insmod命令加载模块时，则不会自动解决相对应的依赖模块。

modprobe命令中的"-r"参数表示删除指定模块，"-c"参数表示显示/etc/modprobe.conf配置文件的参数，"-C"参数表示指定内核配置文件，"-f"表示覆盖，"-l"表示显示模块的绝对路径。

[root@rhel5 boot]# modprobe -l|grep raid /lib/modules/2.6.18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/md/raid0.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/md/raid456.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/md/raid1.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/md/raid10.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/megaraid.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/megaraid/megaraid_mbox.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/megaraid/megaraid_mm.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/megaraid/megaraid_sas.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/raid_class.ko

以上命令表示显示系统中所有的编译模块，并过滤包含有raid字符串的模块。

直接找好对应的驱动 一般都会有readme 或者install 之类的说明文档来告诉你如何去安装这个网卡驱动的

Linux* Base Driver for the Atheros(R) AR8121/AR8113 PCI-E Ethernet Adapter

==========================================================================

Contents

========

- In This Release

- Building and Installation

- Command Line Parameters

- Additional Configurations

- Known Issues

- Support

In This Release

===============

This file describes the Linux* Base Driver for the Atheros(R) AR8121/AR8113 PCI-E

Ethernet Adapter, version 1.0.0.5 This driver supports the 2.4.x and 2.6.x kernels.

This driver is only supported as a loadable module at this time. Atheros is not

supplying patches against the kernel source to allow for static linking of

the driver. For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the

documentation supplied with your Atheros(R) adapter. All hardware

requirements listed apply to use with Linux.

Building and Installation

=========================

To build a binary RPM* package of this driver, run 'rpmbuild -tb

<filename.tar.gz>'. Replace <filename.tar.gz>with the specific filename of

the driver.

NOTE: For the build to work properly, the currently running kernel MUST match

the version and configuration of the installed kernel sources. If you

have just recompiled the kernel reboot the system now.

RPM functionality has only been tested in Red Hat distributions.

1. Move the base driver tar file to the directory of your choice. For example,

use /home/username/arl1e or /usr/local/src/arl1e.

2. Untar/unzip archive:

tar zxf arl1e-x.x.x.x.tar.gz

3. Change to the driver src directory:

cd arl1e-x.x.x.x/src/

4. Compile the driver module:

make install

The binary will be installed as:

/lib/modules/<KERNEL VERSION>/kernel/drivers/net/arl1e.[k]o

The install locations listed above are the default locations. They might

not be correct for certain Linux distributions. For more information,

see the ldistrib.txt file included in the driver tar.

5. Install the module:

insmod arl1e <parameter>=<value>

6. Assign an IP address to the interface by entering the following, where

x is the interface number:

ifconfig ethx <IP_address>

7. Verify that the interface works. Enter the following, where <IP_address>

is the IP address for another machine on the same subnet as the interface

that is being tested:

ping <IP_address>

Command Line Parameters

=======================

If the driver is built as a module, the following optional parameters are

used by entering them on the command line with the modprobe or insmod command

using this syntax:

modprobe arl1e [<option>=<VAL1>,<VAL2>,...]

insmod arl1e [<option>=<VAL1>,<VAL2>,...]

For example, with two L001 PCIE adapters, entering:

insmod arl1e TxMemSize=80,128

loads the arl1e driver with 8KB TX memory for the first adapter and 10KB TX memory

for the second adapter.

The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting,

unless otherwise noted.

NOTES: A descriptor describes a data buffer and attributes related to the

data buffer. This information is accessed by the hardware.

media_type

Valid Range: 0-4

0- auto-negotiate at all supported speeds

1- only link at 1000Mbps Full Duplex

2- only link at 100Mbps Full Duplex

3- only link at 100Mbps Half Duplex

4- only link at 10Mbps Full Duplex

5- only link at 10Mbps Half Duplex

Default Value: 0

media_type forces the line speed/duplex to the specified value in

megabits per second(Mbps). If this parameter is not specified or is set

to 0 and the link partner is set to auto-negotiate, the board will

auto-detect the correct speed.

int_mod_timer

Valid Range: 50-65000

Default Value: 100

This value represents the minmum interval between interrupts controller

generated.

RxMemBlock

Valid Range: 16-512

Default Value: 64

This value is the number of receice memory block allocated by the driver.

Increasing this value allows the driver to buffer more incoming packets.

Each memory block is 1536 bytes.

NOTE: Depending on the available system resources, the request for a

higher number of receive descriptors may be denied. In this case,

use a lower number.

TxMemSize

Valid Range: 4-64

Default Value: 8

This value is the number KB of transmit memory allocated by the driver.

Increasing this value allows the driver to queue more transmits.

NOTE: Depending on the available system resources, the request for a

higher number of transmit descriptors may be denied. In this case,

use a lower number.

FlashVendor

Valid Range: 0-2

Default Value: 0

This value standards on vendor of spi flash used by the adapter.

0 for Atmel, 1 for SST, 2 for ST

Additional Configurations

=========================

Configuring the Driver on Different Distributions

-------------------------------------------------

Configuring a network driver to load properly when the system is started is

distribution dependent. Typically, the configuration process involves adding

an alias line to /etc/modules.conf as well as editing other system startup

scripts and/or configuration files. Many popular Linux distributions ship

with tools to make these changes for you. To learn the proper way to

configure a network device for your system, refer to your distribution

documentation. If during this process you are asked for the driver or module

name, the name for the Linux Base Driver for the Atheros AR8121/AR8113 is arl1e

As an example, if you install the arl1e driver for two AR8121/AR8113 adapters

(eth0 and eth1) and set the speed and duplex to 10full and 100half, add the

following to modules.conf:

alias eth0 arl1e

alias eth1 arl1e

options arl1e Speed=10,100 Duplex=2,1

Viewing Link Messages

---------------------

Link messages will not be displayed to the console if the distribution is

restricting system messages. In order to see network driver link messages

on your console, set dmesg to eight by entering the following:

dmesg -n 8

NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots.

Known Issues

============

NOTE: For distribution-specific information, see the ldistrib.txt file

included in the driver tar.

Driver Compilation

------------------

When trying to compile the driver by running make install, the following

error may occur:

"Linux kernel source not configured - missing version.h"

To solve this issue, create the version.h file by going to the Linux source

tree and entering:

make include/linux/version.h.

Support

=======

For general information, go to the Atheros support website at:

http://support.atheros.com

If an issue is identified with the released source code on the supported

kernel with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to

the issue to xiong.huang@atheros.com

License

=======

This software program is released under the terms of a license agreement

between you ('Licensee') and Atheros. Do not use or load this software or any

associated materials (collectively, the 'Software') until you have carefully

read the full terms and conditions of the LICENSE located in this software

package. By loading or using the Software, you agree to the terms of this

Agreement. If you do not agree with the terms of this Agreement, do not

install or use the Software.

* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.

---