国外香水文化英语小常识

1求有关香水的知识介绍

Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma pounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, animals, objects, and living spaces a pleasant ellThe word perfume used today derives from the Latin "per fumum", meaning through oke Perfumery, or the art of making perfumes, began in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt and was further refined by the Romans and Persians Although perfume and perfumery also existed in India, much of its fragrances are incense based The earliest distillation of Attar was mentioned in the Hindu Ayurvedic text Charaka Samhita The Harshacharita, written in 7th century AD in Northern India mentions use of fragrant agarwood oilThe world's first recorded chemist is considered to be a woman named Tapputi, a perfume maker who was mentioned in a cuneiform tablet from the second millennium BC in Mesopotamia[1] She distilled flowers, oil, and calamus with other aromatics then filtered and put them back in the still several times[2] Recently, archaeologists have uncovered what are believed to be the world's oldest perfumes in Pyrgos, Cyprus The perfumes date back more than 4,000 years The perfumes were discovered in an ancient perfumery At least 60 stills, mixing bowls, funnels and perfume bottles were found in the 43,000-square-foot (4,000 m2) factory[3] In ancient times people used herbs and spices, like almond, coriander, myrtle, conifer resin, bergamot, as well as flowers[4] The Arabian chemist, Al-Kindi (Alkindus), wrote in the 9th century a book on perfumes which he named Book of the Chemistry of Perfume and Distillations It contained more than a hundred recipes for fragrant oils, salves, aromatic waters and substitutes or imitations of costly drugs The book also described 107 methods and recipes for perfume-making, and even the perfume making equipment, like the alembic, still bears its Arabic name[5]The Persian Muslim doctor and chemist Avicenna (also known as Ibn Sina) introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation, the procedure most monly used today He first experimented with the rose Until his discovery, liquid perfumes were mixtures of oil and crushed herbs or petals, which made a strong blend Rose water was more delicate, and immediately became popular Both of the raw ingredients and distillation technology significantly influenced western perfumery and scientific developments, particularly chemistryKnowledge of perfumery came to Europe as early as the 14th century due partially to the spread of Islam But it was the Hungarians who ultimately introduced the first modern perfume Made of scented oils blended in an alcohol solution, the first modern perfume was made in 1370 at the mand of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary and was known throughout Europe as Hungary Water The art of perfumery prospered in Renaissance Italy, and in the 16th century, Italian refinements were taken to France by Catherine de' Medici's personal perfumer, Rene le Florentin His laboratory was connected with her apartments by a secret passageway, so that no formulas could be stolen en route France quickly became the European center of perfume and co etic manufacture Cultivation of flowers for their perfume essence, which had begun in the 14th century, grew into a major industry in the south of France During the Renaissance period, perfumes were used primarily by the wealthy to mask body odors resulting from infrequent bathing Partly due to this patronage, the western perfumery industry was created By the 18th century, aromatic plants were being grown in the Grasse region of France to provide the growing perfume industry with raw materials Even today, France remains the centre of the European perfume design and trade。

2世界十大香水详细介绍（用英文）

品牌名称： 伊夫·圣·洛朗（yves saint laurent） 品牌档案： （1）类型：高级时装 （2）创始人：yves saint laurent 伊夫·圣·洛朗 （3）品类：高级时装、香水系列、首饰、鞋帽、化妆品、香烟等。

创始人yves saint laurent 伊夫·圣·洛朗1936年生于阿尔及利亚，21岁时任全球最有声望的迪奥时装公司的首席设计师品牌名称： 范思哲（versace） 品牌档案： （1）类型：高级时装、高级成衣 （2）创始人：詹尼·韦尔萨切（gianni versace） (3)注册地：意大利米兰（1978年） （4）地址：意大利米兰via ges 12 milanoitalia (5)设计师：贾尼˙范思哲，当娜泰拉·范思哲 品牌名称： 古孜 （gucci） 品牌档案： （1）类型：高级成衣 （2）创始人：古奇欧·古孜（gucciogucci） (3)注册地：意大利佛罗伦萨（1923年） （4）设计师： 1923年-1989年，古奇欧·古孜 1989年-1992年，richardmbertson（理查德·兰伯森），时装设计兼创意指导 1990年-1991年，dawnmello（唐·梅洛），美国籍设计师 1994年，tomford（汤姆·福特） （5）品牌线：gucci古孜 （爱马仕（hermes） prada 的包包 又一个意大利经典 芬迪（fendi） yves saint laurent伊夫·圣·洛朗 马球ralph lauren valentino瓦伦蒂诺 切瑞蒂（cerruti） 贝纳通（beton） anna sui（安那·苏） sonia rykiel索尼亚·里基尔 Dolce & Gabbana (D&G)又是一个意大利的经典品牌 guess miu miu 很受欢迎的意大利品牌。！ 以"老鹰"为标志的emporio armani男女装是giorgio armani的二线品牌 唐纳·卡兰（donnakaran） LV 意大利有个很经典很经典的牌子叫Pollini也是 皮具业的经典 柏帛丽（burberry）。

3帮忙写一段英语小短文

香水最早起源于埃及、印度、罗马、希腊、波斯等文明古国十一世纪的十字军东征，给欧洲带来了灿烂的东方文化，香水这种悦人悦已的奢侈品，也在那时逐渐为欧洲人所接受和喜爱Perfume derives initially from countries with an ancient civilization such as Egypt ,India ,Rome ,Greece and PersiaEastward Expedition of the Crusades has brought splendid oriental culture for Europe in the 11th centuries ,and perfume,the delighting article of luxury,were increasingly accepted and been fond of by European 但是直到十六世纪以前，法国的香水工艺还很落后，香水的使用远未形成风气，那时候的法国人甚至拒绝洗澡，一般人家里没有浴室设备The French perfume handicraft falls behind very much until the 16th centuryPerfume sigmati has not formedAnd what's more,French refused to take a bath at that time ,even average homes did not have bath equipment at all1533年，教皇的侄女凯萨琳下嫁法王亨利二世，她带来了丰富瑰丽的意大利文化和生活方式，也成为了法国香水文化的始作俑者她的专职香水师还在巴黎开了第一家香水公司，此店的遗址还能在巴黎找得到In 1533,when Pope's niece married to the king of France,HenryⅡ，she brought rich magnificent Italian culture and life-style,and became the creator of France perfume cultureHer perfumer ran the first perfume pany in Paris ,which can be found in Paris now,leaving only ruins而后来的一位国王亨利四世却对香水不以为然，百姓都讥笑他是臭王路易十三也是个臭王，他的王后对他的臭味忍无可忍，但直到临死前才告诉她的侍女，于是侍女们信誓旦旦向她保证，在她死后，一定用干净的亚麻布、香水和她收集的340副有香味的手套给她陪葬The next king,Henry Ⅳ was not interested in perfume and people all sneered at him as a elly kingThe Louis ⅩⅢ was also a elly king ,and his queen could not stand his ellHowever,she did not tell her maids until dead,so her maids promised to her with an oath that it's absoulutely done to prepair clean linen,perfume and 340 pairs of the glove she collected as buring stuff路易十四一点都不像他的祖先，他对于臭味极其敏感，他命令宫廷香水师必须每天调制出一种他所喜欢的香水，否则就有上断头台的危险故后世对他有“香皇”之称到了路易十六，更是动用倾国之力将意大利的香水及香皂工业高手挖过来，从此奠定了法国香水工业的基础Unlike his ancestors,Louis ⅩⅣ was a ell shaperHe ordered that perfumers in the palace must modulated ont kind of perfume he liked in each day,or they are threatened to be cut the headSo he was called "the incense emperor " in the later agesIn Louis ⅩⅥ，overwhelming power was used to hire proficient from。

4求：关于香水的英文文字

History of PerfumePerfume is thousands of years old - the word "perfume" es from the Latin per fume "through oke" One of the oldest uses of perfumes es form the burning of incense and aromatic herbs used in religious services, often the aromatic gums, frankincense and myrrh, gathered from trees The Egyptians were the first to incorporate perfume into their culture followed by the ancient Chinese, Hindus, Israelites, Carthaginians, Arabs, Greeks, and Romans The earliest use of perfume bottles is Egyptian and dates to around 1000 BC The Egyptians invented glass and perfume bottles were one of the first mon uses for glass Perfume was first used by the Egyptians as part of their religious rituals The two principal methods of use at this time was the burning of incense and the application of balms and ointments Perfumed oils were applied to the skin for eitherco etic or medicinal purposes During the Old and Middle Kingdoms, perfumes were reserved exclusively for religious rituals such as cleansing ceremonies Then during the New Kingdom (1580-1085 BC) they were used during festivals and Egyptian women also used perfumed creams and oils as toiletries ar co etics and as preludes to love-making The use of perfume then spread to Greece, Rome, and the Islamic world And it was the Islamic munity that kept the use of perfumes since the spread of Christianity led to a decline in the use of perfume With the fall of the Roman Empire, perfume's influence dwindled It was not until the twelfth century and the development of international trade that this decline was reversed Perfume enjoyed huge success during the seventeenth century Perfumed gloves became popular in France and in 1656, the guild of glove and perfume-makers was established The use of perfume in France grew steadily The court of Louis XV was even named "the perfumed court" due to the scents which were applied daily not only to the skin but also to clothing, fans and furniture The eighteenth century saw a revolutionary advance in perfumery with the invention of eau de Cologne This refreshing blend of rosemary, neroli, bergamot and lemon was used in a multitude of different ways: diluted in bath water, mixed with wine, eaten on a sugar lump, as a mouthwash, an enema or an ingredient for a poultice, injected directly。

and so on The variety of eighteenth-century perfume containers was as wide as that of the fragrances and their uses Sponges soaked in scented vinaigres de toilette were kept in gilded metal vinaigrettes Liquid perfumes came in beautiful Louis XIV-style pear-shaped bottles Glass became increasingly popular, particularly in France with the opening of the Baccarat factory in 1765As with industry and the arts, perfume was to undergo profound change in the nieenth century Changing tastes and the development of modern chemistry laid the foundations of perfumery as we know it today Alchemy gave way to chemistry and new fragrances were created The French Revolution had in no way diminished the taste for perfume, there was even a fragrance called "Parfum a la Guillotine" Under the post-revolutionary government, people once again dared to express a penchant for luxury goods, including perfume A profusion of vanity boxes containing perfumes appeared in the 19th century This picture shows a woman at her dressing tableDue to its ja ine, rose and orange-growing trades, the town of Grasse in Provence established itself as the largest production center for raw materials The statutes of the perfume-makers of Grasse were passed in 1724 Paris became the mercial counterpart to Grasse and the world center of perfume Perfume houses such as Houbigant (produces Quelques Fleurs, still very popular today), Lubin, Roger & Gallet, and Guerlain were all based in Paris。

5求一篇介绍法国香水与服饰的英文文章最好附上翻译

The French have a long tradition and skills in the art of making perfumesThe great names in fashion have assisted i exporting some of the most important names in perfume thoughout the worldThe birth place for French perfumes is in the Provence region and is called OccitaneThe abundance of herbs,lavander and many other wild flowers on the rocky landscape,plus hundreds of years of experience in distilling mixtures and creating scentsFashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the seventeenth century,and modern "haute couture" originated in Paris in the 1860sToday,Paris,along with Tokyo,London,Milan,and New York City,is considered one of the world's fashion capitals,and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion housesHistorically,many of the world's top designers and fashion houses have been French,including Coco Chanel,Christian Dior,Louis Vuitton,Lanvin,Chloé，Hermès,Guy Laroche,Yves Saint Laurent and shoe designer Christian LouboutinThe Paris fashion houses also attract many foreign designers。

6求一篇介绍法国香水与服饰的英文文章

The French have a long tradition and skills in the art of making perfumes The great names in fashion have assisted i exporting some of the most important names in perfume thoughout the worldThe birth place for French perfumes is in the Provence region and is called Occitane The abundance of herbs, lavander and many other wild flowers on the rocky landscape, plus hundreds of years of experience in distilling mixtures and creating scentsFashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the seventeenth century, and modern "haute couture" originated in Paris in the 1860s Today, Paris, along with Tokyo, London, Milan, and New York City, is considered one of the world's fashion capitals, and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion houses Historically, many of the world's top designers and fashion houses have been French, including Coco Chanel, Christian Dior, Louis Vuitton, Lanvin, Chloé， Hermès, Guy Laroche, Yves Saint Laurent and shoe designer Christian Louboutin The Paris fashion houses also attract many foreign designers。

7chanelno5香水英文介绍最好有中文翻译

Chanel No5[1] was the first fragrance from Parisian couturier Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel,and has been on sale continuously since its introduction in 1921It has been described as "the world's most legendary fragrance",and remains the pany's most famous perfume[2] The pany estimates that a bottle is sold worldwide every 55 seconds[3]HistoryAccording to one story of the creation of Chanel No5,Coco Chanel missioned the renowned perfumer Ernest Beaux to make six perfumes for her choosingThey were labeled No1,No2,etcthrough No6(Breaux himself,qv,relates a slightly different version of the story)It was bottle No5 that was to Chanel's liking and became the chosen formulaThe number "5" was also her lucky number[citation needed]At the time of its inception,the most expensive perfume oil was ja ine due to the expensive distilling processChanel wanted to create the most costly perfume in the world,and as such No5 relies heavily on ja ineDespite wanting to do this herself,when Jean Patou introduced Joy,which actually was the costliest perfume in the world,Chanel was actually very scornful,saying "Joy was for women who wanted to put their petty morals on display [by wearing the world's costliest perfume]"[citation needed]Chanel introduced it first to some of her friends on May 5,1921Initially,it was given to preferred clients for free at her boutiqueThe fitting rooms in her boutique were also scented with No5This strategy is imitated today by retailersIn 1924,Pierre Wertheimer partnered Coco Chanel in her perfume businessHe owned 70%,Coco owned 10%,and her friend Bader owned 20%Chanel agreed to owning such a all amount in exchange for having plete control over the productToday,the Wertheimer family still runs the perfume businessNo5 was originally available in three strengths:Parfum,Eau de Toilette and Eau de CologneIn the late 1980s Eau de Parfum was introduced and the Eau de Cologne discontinued香奈尔五号是世界上最著名的香水产品之一，也是由香奈尔始创人可可·香奈尔推出的第一款香水可可·香奈尔委任Ernest Beaux开发六款香水配方，并依次命名为一号至六号，而其中第五号配方受到垂青而被推出市场，它是第一种以合成花香醛为主要材料的著名香水配方，在合成工艺尚待成熟前，人们在出门前习惯涂大量香水或经常补充，以维持芬芳的体香可可·香奈尔在1921年5月5日首次向朋友推介这种产品，随后以赠品方式向小服装店和相熟客户推广。

8求英国** 《香水》的英文简介,200词左右的,上英语课演讲用3

您好，

Perfume: The Story of a Murderer is a 1985 literary historical cross-genre novel (originally published in German as Das Parfum) by German writer Patrick Süskind The novel explores the sense of ell

and its relationship with the emotional meaning that scents may carry

Above all it is a story of identity, munication and the morality of

the human spirit

The story focuses on Jean-Baptiste Grenouille,

a perfume apprentice in 18th-century France who, born with no body

scent himself, begins to stalk and murder virgins in search of the

"perfect scent", which he finds in a young woman named Laure, whom his

acute sense of ell finds in a secluded private garden in Grasse

Some editions of Perfume have as their cover image Antoine Watteau's painting Jupiter and Antiope, which depicts a murdered woman

化妆品。PROFUSION旗舰店由金华硕本化妆品有限公司直营管理，在线销售眼影、口红、腮红等产品，是一个知名的化妆品品牌，PROFUSION在彩妆，眼影，口红，唇膏，腮红，彩妆工具，香水彩妆领域都具有一定的知名度。

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