第94届奥斯卡颁奖典礼上，颁奖人克里斯·洛克开了史皇妻子的玩笑，被史皇当场教做人。有意思的是，在这足以载入奥斯卡史册的一巴掌之后，奥斯卡的收视率逆势上涨。
近几年，奥斯卡收视率连年下滑，院线**票房也越发不景气。是什么原因造成了这样的局面？看《洛杉矶时报》如何剖析。
本篇推送原文选自《洛杉矶时报》，译文为机器翻译基础上的调整。笔记由 知新共学外刊群（3月15日开始） 笔记大大Zoe制作。
We Aren't Just Watching the Decline of the Oscars We're Watching the End of the Movies
我们不只见证着奥斯卡的衰落，也在见证**的终结。
Watch the Decline of the Oscars见证着奥斯卡的衰落
这里面我们可以提炼出句式：
Watch the decline of 见证的衰落
Decline: [ Cusually singU ] ~ (in sth)~ (of sth) a continuous decrease in the number, value, quality, etc of sth （数量、价值、质量等的）减少，下降，衰落，衰退
urban/economic decline 城市衰落；经济衰退
The Oscars are declining because the movies they were made to showcase have been slowly disappearing Within the larger arc of Hollywood history, this is the time to call it: We aren't just watching the decline of the Oscars; we're watching the End of the Movies
奥斯卡日渐式微，因为这些奖项设置的目的就是展示**，而这些**在逐渐消失。纵观更宏大的好莱坞**史，现在是时候宣告终结了：我们不只是见证着奥斯卡的衰落，我们也在见证**的终结。
Showcase 此处是用作动词：V-T If something is showcased, it is displayed or presented to its best advantage 展示
Restored films are being showcased this month at a festival in Paris本月的巴黎**节将展映一些修复版的**。
the larger arc of Hollywood history更宏大的好莱坞**史
Arc 弧，这里的取义是：(in a novel, play, or film) the development or resolution of the narrative or principal theme（小说、戏剧或**）情节（或主题）的发展（或结局）
His transformation provides the emotional arc of the story他的转变为故事提供了情感发展轨迹。
What happened was complicated in that many different forces were at work but simple in that they all had the same effect The happiest of these changes was a creative breakthrough on television, which enabled small-screen entertainment to vie with the movies as a stage for high-level acting, writing and directing
这种现象之所以复杂是因为有许多不同的因素共同作用；说简单也简单，因为这些因素的影响大同小异。在这些变化之中，尚且令人欣慰的就是电视节目的创造性突破：小屏幕上的视听娱乐，如今也能和**一争高下，展示高水平的表演、剧本创作和导演水平。
第一句话乍看上去有点绕：
What happened was complicated in thatbut simple in that
In that这里引导原因状语从句，相当于for the reason that, because
来一个富有哲理的例句：
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes批评与自我批评是必要的，因为它可以帮助我们纠正错误。
Its craft are unusual in that they are reusable, rather than disposable它的火箭非同寻常，因为可以重复使用，而不是一次性的。
Vie ：~ (with sb) (for sth) ( formal ) to compete strongly with sb in order to obtain or achieve sth 激烈竞争；争夺
a row of restaurants vying with each other for business 彼此争抢生意的一排饭馆
But these productions are still a different kind of thing from The Movies as they were — because stories told for smaller screens cede certain artistic powers in advance
但这些电视作品还是难以和过去的**相提并论，因为那些为小屏幕而生的故事，在创作前期就要舍弃某些艺术表现力。
Cede : [ VN ] ~ sth (to sb) ( formal ) to give sb control of sth or give them power, a right, etc, especially unwillingly 割让；让给；转让
Only a short campaign took place in Puerto Rico, but after the war Spain ceded the island to America 波多黎各岛仅经历了一场短暂的战斗，但大战后西班牙把该岛割让给了美国。
此处言下之意是“为了适应小屏幕而舍弃了部分艺术表现力”
First, they cede the expansive powers inherent in the scale of the moviegoing experience Not just larger-than-life acting but also the immersive elements of the cinematic arts, from cinematography to music and sound editing, which inherently matter less when experienced on smaller screens and may get less attention when those smaller screens are understood to be their primary destination
首先被放弃的，是在影院观影体验中自带的张力：不仅是高于生活的表演，而且还有**艺术里的沉浸式元素，包括**摄影技术以及音乐、声音剪辑等等；而对于小屏幕观影体验而言，这些元素原本就没那么重要，而且如果某些**一开始就打算在小屏幕放映，那么人们也就不会太关注这些元素。
[语法] 本段第二句话其实只是一个短语，没有完整的主谓宾：
Not just larger-than-life acting but also the immersive elements of the cinematic arts（主干主语）, from cinematography to music and sound editing（插入语）, which（定从） inherently matter（定从谓语1） less（状语） when experienced on smaller screens（条件状语从句） and （并列连词）may get（定从谓语2） less attention （定从宾语）when those smaller screens are understood to be their primary destination（条件状语从句）
所以这部分的主要成分只是：
Not just larger-than-life acting but also the immersive elements of the cinematic arts
定从的部分我们重点看下：
Which inherently matter less
which的先行词就是前面的所有部分，也就是舍弃的具体内容：
这些元素原本就没那么重要
什么情况下没那么重要？——
when experienced on smaller screens对于小屏幕观影体验而言
and may get less attention还可能得不到太多的关注，换个说法就是：人们不会在这些方面花那么多的心思
这又是什么情况下呢？——
when those smaller screens are understood to be their primary destination某些**最初就被设计为在小屏幕放映的时候
Inherent :~ (in sb/sth) that is a basic or permanent part of sb/sth and that cannot be removed 固有的；内在的
an inherent weakness in the design of the machine 机器设计中的内在缺陷
cinematic /ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk/ arts**艺术
Second, the serial television that dominates our era also cedes the power achieved in condensation This is the alchemy that you get when you're forced to tell an entire story in one go, when the artistic exertions of an entire team are distilled into under three hours of cinema, when there's no promise of a second season or multiepisode arc to develop your ideas and you have to say whatever you want to say right here and now
其次，主导着我们这个时代的电视连续剧也舍弃了**所具有的凝练。这就像是**制作中的一种“炼金术”：你不得不一口气讲完一个完整的故事；整个团队的艺术探索都被浓缩到一部不足三小时的影片中；而且不一定有机会以第二季或多剧集的形式去展开呈现你的构想，因此你必须就在此时此刻说出所有要表达的想法。
the power achieved in condensation 凝练力
condensation /ˌkɒndenˈseɪʃn/ :[ U ] drops of water that form on a cold surface when warm water vapour becomes cool 凝结的水珠
这里是修辞手法了
Alchemy 炼金术，这里指：( literary ) a mysterious power or magic that can change things （改变事物的）神秘力量，魔力
[语法] 又来一个大长句：
This（主干主语） is（主干系动词） the alchemy（主干表语） that （定从，先行词alchemy）you（定从主语） get（定从谓语） when you're forced to tell an entire story in one go（时间状语从句）, when the artistic exertions of an entire team are distilled into under three hours of cinema（时间状语从句, when there's no promise of a second season or multiepisode arc to develop your ideas and you have to say whatever you want to say right here and now（时间状语从句
主干很简单：
This is the alchemy
3 个并列的时间状语从句分别看下：
when you're forced to tell an entire story in one go 不得不一口气讲完整个故事
in one go 一口气，一下子
Go : ( BrE ) [C] ( NAmE BrE also try ) an attempt at doing sth （做某事的）尝试，一番努力
It took three goes to get it right 试了三次才把它弄好。
I doubt if he'll listen to advice from me, but I'll give it a go (= I'll try but I don't think I will succeed) 我怀疑他是不是会听我劝，不过我想试试看。
when the artistic exertions of an entire team（从句主语） are distilled （从句谓语）into under three hours of cinema
整个团队的艺术探索都要浓缩到不到三小时的**里
Exertion :[U] ( also ex·er·tions [ pl ] ) physical or mental effort; the act of making an effort 努力；尽力；费力
He needed to relax after the exertions of a busy day at work 他忙碌工作了一天后需要休息。
Distil :~ sth (from/into sth) ( formal ) to get the essential meaning or ideas from thoughts, information, experiences, etc 吸取…的精华；提炼；浓缩
The notes I made on my travels were distilled into a book 我的旅行笔记精选汇编成了一本书。
Promise :[ Using ] ~ of sth a sign, or a reason for hope that sth may happen, especially sth good 吉兆；迹象
The day dawned bright and clear, with the promise of warm, sunny weather拂晓时晴空万里，预示着温暖晴朗的天气。
Even if the End of the Movies cannot be commercially or technologically reversed, there is cultural life after this kind of death It's just up to us, now, to decide how abundant it will be
尽管**的终结不能通过商业或技术手段得以逆转，但在其消亡之后，我们对文化生活的需求依然存在。而未来这种生活能有多丰富，当下就取决于我们。
Abundant :( formal ) existing in large quantities; more than enough 大量的；丰盛的；充裕的
Fish are abundant in the lake 湖里鱼很多。
Reverse : [ VN ] to change sth completely so that it is the opposite of what it was before 颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反
to reverse a procedure/process/trend 彻底改变程序╱过程╱趋势
[翻译技巧] 常见的英语副词翻译方法
为使译文通畅，意思连贯， 可把英文的一个副词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子 ，比如：
The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements 中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
如果副词在句中作插入语，试着前置。 比如：
Telecommunications means, simply, communication from a distance 简单说来，电讯就是远距离通讯。
如果英文的副词在汉语中找不到对等的副词，可以试着转换词性。 比如：
They have not done so well ideologically他们没有做好思想工作。
The attractive force between the molecules is negilibly small 分子间的吸引力可以小到忽略不计。
翻译成 “在……上”、“在……方面”、“以……的方式” ，比如：
What he asserts is only theoretically true他的提法只是在理论上能成立。
Even if the End of the Movies cannot be commercially or technologically reversed, there is cultural life after this kind of death尽管**的终结不能通过商业或技术手段得以逆转，但在其消亡之后，我们对文化生活的需求依然存在。
本文完。
Of the many memorable things about Stephen Hawking, perhaps the most memorable of all was his conversation The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that confined him to a wheelchair also stopped him talking, so instead a computer synthesised what became a world-famous voice It was, though, a laborious process
A better way to communicate would be to read the brain of a paralysed person directly and then translate those readings into synthetic speech A study published in Nature this week, by Edward Chang, a neurosurgeon at the University of California, San Francisco, describes just such a technique By measuring the brain signals that control vocal-tract muscles, Dr Chang has been able to use a computer to synthesise speech accurately
The volunteers for Dr Chang’s study were five people with epilepsy who had electrodes implanted into their brains as part of their treatment He and his colleagues used these electrodes to record the volunteers’ brain activity while those volunteers spoke several hundred sentences out loud
To convert those signals into speech they did two things First, they trained a computer program to recognise what the signals meant Then, when the program had learned the relevant associations, they used it to translate electrode signals into vocal-tract configurations, and thus into sound
The principle proved, Dr Chang and his team went on to show that their system could synthesise speech even when a volunteer mimed sentences, rather than speaking them out loud
So far, Dr Chang has worked with people able to speak normally The next stage will be to ask whether his system can work for those who cannot speak
Of the many memorable things about Stephen Hawking, perhaps the most memorable of all was his conversation The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that confined him to a wheelchair also stopped him talking, so instead a computer synthesised what became a world-famous voice It was, though, a laborious process
A better way to communicate would be to read the brain of a paralysed person directly and then translate those readings into synthetic speech A study published in Nature this week, by Edward Chang, a neurosurgeon at the University of California, San Francisco, describes just such a technique By measuring the brain signals that control vocal-tractmuscles, Dr Chang has been able to use a computer to synthesise speech accurately
The volunteers for Dr Chang’s study were five people with epilepsy who had electrodesimplanted into their brains as part of their treatment He and his colleagues used these electrodes to record the volunteers’ brain activity while those volunteers spoke several hundred sentences out loud
To convert those signals intospeech they did two things First, they trained a computer program to recognise what the signals meant Then, when the program had learned the relevant associations, they used it to translate electrode signals into vocal-tract configurations, and thus into sound
The principle proved, Dr Chang and his team went on to show that their system could synthesise speech even when a volunteer mimed sentences, rather than speaking them out loud
So far, Dr Chang has worked with people able to speak normally The next stage will be to ask whether his system can work for those who cannot speak
give voice to sb
让某人发声；让某人表达意见或情感
例句：I am trying to give voice to everyone
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症
缩写：ALS
相关词汇：amyotrophic（肌肉萎缩的）
相关词汇：lateral（侧面的）
相关词汇：sclerosis（身体器官的硬化）
词根词缀：amyo-（没有肌肉的）
词根词缀：-trophic（有营养的）
confine
/kənˈfaɪn/
v 把…局限在，限制
搭配短语：confine A to B
例句：Poverty confines my imagination
synthesise
/ˈsɪnθəsaɪz/
v 合成
相关词汇：synthesize（美式拼写）
词性拓展：synthetic (adj)
例句：There are many vitamins that the body cannot synthesise itself
laborious
/ləˈbɔːriəs/
adj 耗时费力的；艰巨的，艰难的
词根词缀：labor（n 劳动，劳力）
搭配短语：a laborious task（一项艰巨的任务）
labor 搭配短语：Labor Day（五一劳动节）
paralysed
/ˈpærəlaɪzd/
adj 麻痹的，瘫痪的；不知所措的
搭配短语：paralysed from the waist down
例句：She was paralysed with fear
synthetic
/sɪnˈθetɪk/
adj 合成的，人造的
搭配短语：synthetic drugs（合成药物）
搭配短语：synthetic material（合成材料）
vocal-tract
声道
epilepsy
/ˈepɪlepsi/
n 癫痫，羊痫疯，羊角风
词根词缀：epi-（在…之上）
词根词缀：-lepsy（拿，抓住）
electrode
/ɪˈlektroʊd/
n 电极
词根词缀：electro-；electr-（跟电有关）
相关词汇：electricity（电能）
相关词汇：electrician（电工）
implant
/ɪmˈplænt/
v（手术）植入，移植
搭配短语：implant a microchip in a human's body
convert A into B
将 A 转换成 B
例句：They converted the spare bedroom intoa study
association
/əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃn/
n 联系，关联
英文释义：a connection or relationship between people or things
例句：Smoking has a close association with lung cancer
configuration
/kənˌfɪɡjəˈreɪʃn/
n 构造，结构；布局
相关词汇：configure（v 装配，装置）
例句：Scientists know little about the configuration of the moon's surface
mime
/maɪm/
v 摆口型；假唱
英文释义：to pretend to say something without making a sound
例句：Some singers on television mime to pre-recorded tapes
若说脑机接口听起来很陌生，那么人工耳蜗大家就比较熟悉了，而它就是脑机接口的应用之一。脑机接口技术（简称 BCI ）是在人或动物的大脑与外部设备间创建的直接连接通路。目前来讲，脑机研究大致可分为两种：非侵入式和侵入式。
非侵入式装置可通过做成头盔等穿戴设备佩戴于人体，靠装置上的信号设备采集大脑发出的信号波。这种方式虽然方便，但所采集到的信号较不稳定。因此，侵入式研究试图将脑机接口直接植入大脑灰质，让人体直接跟机器连接，获得质量较高的神经信号。但侵入式研究也有缺陷，它容易引发免疫反应，导致信号质量衰退。
无论是非侵入式还是侵入式，目前的科技水平还不足以将脑机接口技术投入广泛应用，但这种技术已经成为了未来的一个研究方向，所取得的每一点进展都将在医疗领域和人类生活的智能辅助领域发挥巨大的作用。
From: Scientific American(科学美国人)
Title: There Is Nothing Normal about One Million People Dead from COVID in America 在美国，有100万人死于新冠，这一点都不正常
abstract
2022年02月18日刊
在大多数时间里，美国的日增新冠死亡病例仍然保持在2500例以上。所以美国仍有可能在4月达到死亡100万人的里程碑。
原文阅读
Sometime in the next few weeks, the official death toll for the two- year COVID pandemic in the US will reach one million Despite being the wealthiest nation on the planet, the US has continued to have the most COVID infections and deaths per country, by far, and it has the highest per capita death rate of any wealthy nation This is an unfathomable number of people dead, yet, mass media are downplaying it This is despite an empathetic New York Times headline in May 2020 of “US Deaths Near 100,000, an Incalculable Loss,” and using its entire front page to print names of some of the deceased
The Times is not alone; several large mainstream publications, in complicity with politicians of both major political parties, have been beating a death knell of a drum for getting “back to normal” for months The effect is the manufactured consent to normalize mass death and suffering—to subtly suggest to Americans that they want to move on
News media are helping to shape public opinion in order for business to return to the very circumstances that have created this ongoing crisis A return to normal will allow profits to be reaped by people working relatively safely from their homes (the target audience of many news organizations’ advertisers) at the expense of people working or studying in person who are more vulnerable
导读笔记
段一
Sometime in the next few weeks, the official death toll for the two- year COVID pandemic in the US will reach one million Despite being the wealthiest nation on the planet, the US has continued to have the most COVID infections and deaths per country, by far, and it has the highest per capita death rate of any wealthy nation This is an unfathomable number of people dead, yet, mass media are downplaying it This is despite an empathetic New York Times headline in May 2020 of “US Deaths Near 100,000, an Incalculable Loss,” and using its entire front page to print names of some of the deceased
sometime adv 在(将来或过去的)某个时候;
death toll 死亡人数;
1toll n(战争、灾难等造成的)毁坏;伤亡人数;
2n(道路、桥梁的)通行费;
motorway tolls 高速公路通行费;
wealthy adj 富有的;
1 wealthiest city 最富裕的城市;
2 the wealthiest man 首富;
per capita adj 每人的;人均的;
1 average earnings per capita 人均收入;
1 per-capita income 人均国⺠收入;人均收入;
unfathomable adj 深不可测的;无底的;莫测高深的;
mass media 大众传播媒体;
downplay vt 对轻描淡写;轻视，贬低;
downplay the epidemic 对疫情不予重视;
empathetic adj 体恤别人感受的;感同身受的;
incalculable adj 无法计算的;不可估量的;数不清的;
front page n 头版;标题版;
the deceased 死者;已死的人;
参考译文
在未来几周的某个时候，美国两年的新冠疫情的官方死亡人数将达到100万人。尽管美国是地球上最富裕的国家，但到目前为止，美国仍然是每个国家 中新冠感染和死亡人数最多的国家，而且它的人均死亡率是所有富裕国家中 最高的。这是一个难以估量的死亡人数，而大众媒体却轻描淡写。尽管《纽 约时报》在2020年5月发布了一篇富有同情心的标题“美国死亡近10万人， 这是不可估量的损失”，并在整个头版刊登一些死者的名字。
段二
The Times is not alone; several large mainstream publications, in complicity with politicians of both major political parties, have been beating a death knell of a drum for getting “back to normal” for months The effect is the manufactured consent to normalize mass death and suffering—to subtly suggest to Americans that they want to move on
mainstream adj 主流的;
1 mainstream culture 主流文化;
2 mainstream education 主流教育;
complicity n 共犯;勾结;同谋;
politician n 政客(尤指政府成员);政治家;
beat/bang a drum (for sb/sth) (为)竭力鼓吹，摇旗呐喊;
1 drum sth into sb 向某人反复灌输;对某人反复讲述;
death knell 丧钟;结束的信号;
manufactured adj 制造的，已制成的;
1 manufactured goods 制成品;产成品;
consent n 许可，允许;同意，赞同;正式批准文件，批文;
suffering n(内心或肉体的)痛苦;
subtly adv 微妙地;巧妙地;敏锐地;
1 The truth is subtly different 事实略有不同。
move on 往前走，前进;
参考译文
《纽约时报》并非个例，几家大型主流出版物与两大政党的政客沆瀣一气， 几个月来一直在敲响“恢复正常”的丧钟。其效果是人为地同意将大规模死亡 和苦难正常化——微妙地暗示美国人，要向前看。
段三
News media are helping to shape public opinion in order for business to return to the very circumstances that have created this ongoing crisis A return to normal will allow profits to be reaped by people working relatively safely from their homes (the target audience of many news organizations’ advertisers) at the expense of people working or studying in person who are more vulnerable
shape vt 塑造，决定的形成;影响的发展;
1 Like it or not, our families shape our lives and make us what we are 不管喜欢与否，我们的家庭塑造了我们的生活，造就了我们。
ongoing adj 持续存在的，仍在进行的，不断发展的;
reap vt 获得，收获;
1 You reap what you sow 一分耕耘，一分收获。
work from home 家中工作;在家上班;
1 Increasing numbers of people elect to work from home nowadays 现在越来越多的人选择在家上班。
target audience 目标受众;目标观众;目标客户;
at the expense of 以为代价;
参考译文
新闻媒体正影响公众舆论，以便企业回到造成这场持续危机的环境中来。回 归常态将使那些在家相对安全地工作的人(许多新闻机构广告商的目标受 众)获得利润，而那些更容易受到疫情影响的亲自工作或学习的人将付出代价。
IM Pei, who was revered as one of the last great modernist architects, has died, Pei Cobb Freed & Partners confirmed He was 102 years old
Although he worked mostly in the United States, Pei will always be remembered for a European project: his redevelopment of the Louvre Museum in Paris in the 1980s He gave us the glass and metal pyramid in the main courtyard, along with three smaller pyramids and a vast subterranean addition to the museum entrance
Pei was the first foreign architect to work on the Louvre in its long history, and initially his designs were fiercely opposed But in the end, the French — and everyone else — were won over
Winning the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983, Pei was cited as giving the 20th century "some of its most beautiful interior spaces and exterior forms His versatility and skill in the use of materials approach the level of poetry"
His East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington in 1978 altered people's perceptions of a museum The site was an odd trapezoid shape Pei's solution was to cut it in two The resulting building was dramatic, light and elegant — one of the first crowd-pleasing cathedrals of modern art
In person, IM Pei was dapper, good-humored, charming and unusually modest His working process was evolutionary, but innovation was never a conscious goal
"Stylistic originality is not my purpose, " he said "I want to find the originality in the time, the place and the problem"
IM Pei, who was revered as one of the last great modernist architects, has died, Pei Cobb Freed & Partners confirmed He was 102 years old
Although he worked mostly in the United States, Pei will always be remembered for a European project: his redevelopment of the Louvre Museum in Paris in the 1980s He gave us the glass and metal pyramid in the main courtyard, along with three smaller pyramids and a vast subterraneanaddition to the museum entrance
Pei was the first foreign architect to work on the Louvre in its long history, and initially his designs were fiercely opposed But in the end, the French — and everyone else — were won over
Winning the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983, Pei was cited as giving the 20th century "some of its most beautiful interior spaces and exterior forms His versatility and skill in the use of materials approach the level of poetry"
His East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington in 1978 altered people's perceptions of a museum The site was an odd trapezoid shape Pei's solution was to cut it in two The resulting building was dramatic, light and elegant — one of the first crowd-pleasing cathedrals of modern art
In person, IM Pei was dapper, good-humored, charming and unusually modest His working process was evolutionary, but innovation was never a conscious goal
"Stylistic originality is not my purpose," he said "I want to find the originality in the time, the place and the problem"
acclaimed
/əˈkleɪmd/
adj 被公开赞誉的
相关词汇：acclaim（v 公开称赞）
acclaim 例句：He is acclaimed as the greatest science fiction writer of his generation
revere
/rɪˈvɪr/
v 崇敬
英文释义：to respect someone so deeply that you almost worship them
例句：Many Americans revere Martin Luther King
例句：Many South Africans revere Nelson Mandela
courtyard
/ˈkɔːrtjɑːrd/
n （通常为城堡、大建筑的）露天庭院，广场
词义辨析
court, yard
court 指建筑里封闭的庭院，本身还有法庭之意；yard 多指建筑附近小片区域的院子，比如小花园
subterranean
/ˌsʌbtəˈreɪniən/
adj 地下的
词根词缀：sub-（下面的）
sub- 派生词：subtitle
词根词缀：terr（土地）
terr 派生词：the Mediterranean（n 地中海）
搭配短语：a subterranean river
addition
/əˈdɪʃn/
n（建筑的）扩建部分
英文释义：a new part added to a house or other building
win over
说服（某人）
英文释义：to persuade someone to support you or agree with you, often when they were opposed to you before
搭配短语：win over sb/win sb over
搭配短语：win over the undecided voters
versatility
/ˌvɜːrsəˈtɪləti/
n 多才多艺
相关词汇：versatile
approach
/əˈproʊtʃ/
v 接近
英文释义：comes near to
trapezoid
/ˈtræpəzɔɪd/
n 不规则四边形（英式英语）；梯形（美式英语）
crowd-pleasing
/ˈkraʊd pliːzɪŋ/
adj 大受欢迎的；备受青睐的
搭配短语：a crowd-pleasing comedy
dapper
/ˈdæpər/
adj（男子）穿着考究的，衣冠楚楚
good-humored
/ˌɡʊd ˈhjuːmərd/
adj 脾气好的
相关词汇：light-hearted（adj 无忧无虑的)
相关词汇：bad-tempered（adj脾气暴躁的）
近义词：good-natured
evolutionary
/ˌevəˈluːʃəneri/
adj 进化的；演变的，逐步发展的
相关词汇：evolution
词义辨析：revolutionary（adj 革命性的；剧烈变化的）
例句：Modern architecture needed to be part of an evolutionary, not a revolutionary, process
originality
/əˌrɪdʒəˈnæləti/
n 独创性，创造性
相关词汇：original
贝聿铭 1917 年 4 月 26 日出生于中国广州，家里是名门望族，父亲贝祖贻曾经是当时中央银行总裁。他童年曾在上海、香港、苏州等城市生活。
1935 年，贝聿铭前往美国，先后在宾夕法尼亚大学和麻省理工大学攻读建筑学本科学位，之后他又前往哈佛大学，并获得建筑硕士的学位。在哈佛大学，当时在建筑思想上更为创新活跃的高等学府里，贝聿铭学到了光线对于建筑的重要性，并且对于现代主义的实用和简约有了更深层次的理解。在求学的过程中，他还遇到了之后成为他妻子的女留学生卢爱玲。
1946 年，贝聿铭从哈佛大学毕业，因为家庭和生活所需，贝聿铭选择接受纽约地产大亨威廉·齐肯多夫（William Zechendorf）的工作邀约，担任从事房屋建筑师。这一阶段，他的设计比较平庸，并不出彩，这让贝聿铭对自己的职业生涯展开了新的思考。虽然威廉·齐肯多夫对他的工作非常满意，但是贝聿铭还是辞掉了工作，并成立了自己的事务所。
1955 年，贝聿铭和合伙人成立了“贝聿铭及合伙人建筑师事务所”（IMPei & Associates），随后经多次更名，成为了现在的“贝·考伯·弗里德及合伙人建筑师事务所”（Pei Cobb Freed & Partners）。
1968年，贝聿铭及合伙人亨利·柯布（Henry N Cobb）参与设计了位于美国波士顿的汉考克大厦（John Hancock Tower）。当时，该建筑大规模采用了玻璃幕墙，但由于当时的技术还不够成熟，建成初期曾经出现过玻璃脱落的事故，这差点毁掉贝聿铭的事务所。
1979 年，贝聿铭开始着手设计位于北京的香山饭店，这是外籍设计师在中国开展的的首个产品。根据贝聿铭的思考，这座饭店的设计必须体现中国建筑艺术的精髓。因此，他采用传统的园林风格和现代风格相结合的方式，主体后是曲径通幽的中式园林，放到现在来看也不落伍。
让贝聿铭闻名于世的是法国卢浮宫的金字塔。贝聿铭曾说，“如果有一件事我知道我没有做错，那就是卢浮宫”。1984 年，时任法国总统弗朗索瓦·密特朗（François Mitterrand）亲自邀请贝聿铭来对这座曾经的法国王宫进行改建。然而，贝聿铭将其设计成金字塔造型的方案一经公布便引发轩然大波，很多人觉得如果按照这样全玻璃的设计的话，整个王宫拥有几百年历史的整体古建筑风格会遭到破坏。但是，贝聿铭力排众议，将他的方案落地。建成之后，人们发现，透过玻璃可以看到古典主义的老卢浮宫墙面和巴黎漂亮的天空，地下展厅也因为日光而变得更加明亮。贝聿铭认为，玻璃金字塔是一个象征性的入口，它寓意着连接现代与古代。
原文：
Corner shops are within walking distance of many homes, open long hours and small enough not to require customers to linger too long inside They no longer sell just basic necessities, such as milk, beer and sweets And they offer other services, from charging e-bikes in South Korea to paying for online shopping in Mexico On paper, this makes them perfectly suited to the pandemic And in practice
Going into covid-19, convenience stores were a mixed bag Some benefited asbusier lifestyles, smaller households and ageing populations led more people to shop little, often and locally They were the only brick-and-mortar shops in South Korea whose sales grew in 2019 OXXO, a Mexican chain with some 20,000 outlets across Latin America, reported sales of $87bnin2019, up by 10% on the year before Minimarts, which mostly operate as franchises, have been opening in China, India and Thailand
Elsewhere they have struggled In Japan, home to the world’s three biggest chains, they have been in outright decline The share price of Seven & i Holdings, the giant which owns 7-Eleven and accounts for a third of the industry’s $360bn in global revenues, has dropped by around 30% over the past two years, as investors cooled on its saturated domestic market Its two Japanese rivals, FamilyMart and Lawson, have been laggards, too In many countries supermarkets have been muscling in on their traditional high-street turf In September Asda, a British supermarket, launched Asda on the Move, joining Tesco Express and Sainsbury’s Local
Despite the potential pandemic boost, performance this year has been similarly patchy The average value per convenience store transaction in China increased by 120% at the height of the pandemic, and stayed high In Britain the Co-operative Group declared that sales rose by 8% in the first half, year on year, to £58bn ($76bn), thanks to its Co-op and Nisa minimarts At the same time Seven & i reported a 12% drop in operating profits in the three months to August FamilyMart lost money in the third quarter OXXO’s parent company, FEMSA, is also in the red this year
Although some pandemic shopping habits favour convenience stores, others do not Rivals are offering the same goods for less and brought to your doorstep, often in an hour or two Deliveroo, a British food delivery app(part-owned by Amazon), ferries booze from supermarkets In August DoorDash, an American one that teamed up with 7-Eleven in the pandemic’s early days, launched its own virtual DashMart
To fend off rivals, stores must evolve with shoppers’ changing ideas of convenience, says Amanda Bourlier of Euromonitor International, a research firm One American chain, Wawa, has opened drive through stores Another, Casey’s, has reported a surge in digital sales Stores in South Korea and Japan, which face labour shortages, are toying with automated payments In America 7-Eleven now delivers online orders to homes, as well as public places like parks But its parent has also bought Speedway, a chain of American petrol stations, for $21bn That adds 3,900 outlets to the 9,000-odd 7-Elevens in America (and 70,000 or so globally) It is a big bet that petrol cars aren’t soon disappearing—and nor are convenience stores
译文：
便利店开在许多住宅的步行范围之内，经营时间长且店面小，不足以满足顾客逗留太长时间的需求。它们不仅销售生活必需品，例如牛奶、啤酒和糖果，还提供其他服务，比如从南韩的电动车充电服务到墨西哥的线下结算在线上购买的商品。理论上，这些优势能够使便利店完美地适应疫情，但实际上是否如此呢？
随着疫情的到来，便利店的表现并不相同。越来越忙碌的生活方式、越来越小的家庭和越发年老化的人口使得更多的人选择少量地、经常地、离家近地购买商品，一些便利店因此受益。2019年南韩的几家实体超市营业额有所增长。墨西哥的连锁店OXXO（在拉丁美洲有20000家商店）公布2019年的销售额为87亿美元，比去年增长了10%。中国、印度和泰国也逐渐开了很多家拥有特许经营权的便利店。
然而其他地方的便利店的情况并不好。起源于日本的世界三大便利店已经呈现彻底的衰落。随着投资者对饱和本地市场冷静下来，Seven&i Holdings（一个控股7-11便利店且收入在该产业全世界3600亿美元中占比三分之一的巨头）所控的股价已在过去两年下降大约30%。它的两个来自日本的竞争对手——全家和罗森同样有所退步。许多城市的超市也强行加入便利店领域，例如在九月，英国超市Asda开了Asda on the Move,Tesco Express和Sainsbury's Local超市也采取了类似的行动。
尽管疫情有潜在的刺激增长作用，今年便利店的表现好坏不一。中国便利店平均每单交易价格在疫情期间增长了120%，且保持在高水平。英国的Co-operative Group得益于Co-op 和Nisa minimarts便利店，销售额与上半年相比增长了8%，有58亿英镑（76亿美元）。而在同期，Seven&i的运营利润在六七八月减少了12%，全家在第三季度有所亏损，OXXO的母公司FEMSA的账务在今年也呈赤字。
虽然疫情时的购物习惯有利于一些便利店，其他便利店却没有因此受益。竞争对手提供同样的商品，但以更低的价格出售，或者花一至两小时将商品送至家门口。比如英国食物配送软件Deliveroo（亚马逊持股）提供从超市运送酒精饮料的服务。八月时，美国品牌DoorDash和7-11便利店合作开设虚拟商店。
研究公司Amanda Bourlier of Euromonitor International说道：“为了应对竞争对手，便利店必须随着顾客关于方便想法的改变而进化发展。”美国连锁商店Wawa开设提供免下车服务的门店，另外Casey's的线上销售额也飙升。南韩和日本的便利店由于面临劳动力短缺的问题，正在考虑开发自动支付技术。美国的7-11便利店现在能够将订单配送至家中或公园等公共场所，它的母公司花费210亿美元购买了美国连锁加油站Speedway，使得在美国增加开放3900家商店，现已达大约9000家711便利店（全世界大约有70000家），这些表现可以说是一个赌汽油汽车和便利店不会消失的赌注。
查找过程及困惑：
一开始是在学校图书馆网站找外文文献，设置了时间以及期刊等条件的限制，左边一栏有主题的选择，但不知道为什么没有设置成功，导致搜出来的外文文献很多且很多主题对我来说比较生涩难懂。后来在微博听从一个博主的建议，在一个专门提供外刊阅读的微信公众号里找到了想要的文章。翻译过程：先看一遍全文，标注生词并找寻释义，最后观看公众号的视频讲解。
本文节选自外刊《自然》（Nature / News / Article / 18 February 2022）Asteroids, Hubble rival and Moon base: China sets out space agenda——小行星、哈勃望远镜的竞争对手和月球基地:中国制定了太空议程。
文章上半部分节选内容如下：
Asteroids, Hubble rival and Moon base: China sets out space agenda
小行星、哈勃望远镜的竞争对手和月球基地:中国制定了太空议程
In the next five years, the nation hopes to launch a robotic craft to an asteroid and two lunar missions
在接下来的五年里，该国希望向一颗小行星发射一艘机器人飞船，并完成两次登月任务。
China has had a bumper few years in space exploration, and its ambitions are about to get bolder The China National Space Administration has released an overview of its plans for the next five years, which include launching a robotic craft to an asteroid, building a space telescope to rival the Hubble and laying the foundations for a space-based gravitational-wave detector
中国在太空 探索 方面已经有了丰收的几年，而且它的野心将会变得更大。中国国家航天局发布了未来五年计划的概述，其中包括向一颗小行星发射机器人飞船，建造一架可与哈勃媲美的太空望远镜，以及为天基引力波探测器奠定基础。
The missions were highlighted in a white paper, ‘China’s Space Program: A 2021 Perspective’, released last month The plans continue the country’s trend in emphasizing missions with science at their heart, rather than technology development and applications, says Shuang-Nan Zhang, an astronomer at the Institute of High Energy Physics in Beijing “This is a very good sign,” he says “It’s a continuous increase in investment in exploration of the Universe”
上个月发布的白皮书《中国太空计划:2021年展望》重点介绍了这些任务。高能物理研究所的天文学家张双南说，这些计划延续了中国强调以科学为核心的任务，而不是技术开发和应用的趋势。“这是一个非常好的迹象，”他说。"这是对宇宙 探索 投资的持续增长"
Nature looks at five of the most ambitious projects
《自然》杂志着眼于五个最雄心勃勃的项目。
重点词汇
asteroids星状的；海盘车；（asteroid的复数）
rival竞争对手；敌手；可与…匹敌的人；可与之相比的人；与… 竞争；努力赶上；与…匹敌；比得上
robotic机器人的；自动机的；机械呆板的；机器人（或自动机）似的
asteroid小行星
lunar与月亮有关的；与月亮相似的；月亮的
bumper保险杠；新马平地赛；大满杯敬酒；烟头；烟屁股；特大的；非常好的；非常成功的
ambitions野心；雄心；理想；夙愿；（ambition的复数）
bolder更大胆的；更勇敢的；更放肆的；更陡峭的；更醒目的；更明显的；（bold的比较级）
space telescope空间望远镜
space program空间程序；空间计划；太空计划
Visit an asteroid
参观小行星
China aims to launch asteroid probes to sample near-Earth asteroids and study icy comets that have asteroid-like orbits
中国计划发射小行星探测器，对近地小行星进行采样，并研究具有类似小行星轨道的冰冷彗星。
The mission, which will probably be named ZhengHe after a Ming-dynasty Chinese explorer, would be the country’s first to visit an asteroid, and could launch as soon as 2024
这项任务可能以中国明朝一位探险家的名字命名为“郑和”，它将是中国第一次访问小行星，最快可能在2024年发射。
It will follow in the wake of Japan’s successful Hayabusa asteroid missions and NASA’s OSIRIS-Rex, which is due to return space rocks to Earth next year
它将紧随日本成功的Hayabusa小行星任务和美国宇航局的OSIRIS-Rex之后，后者将于明年把太空岩石带回地球。
重点词汇
asteroid小行星
probes探查；检查；盘问；用探针探测；（probe的第三人称单数）；调查；探测；探针；探测器；探测仪；(probe的复数)
asteroids星状的；海盘车；（asteroid的复数）
orbits盘旋；绕轨道运行；绕轨道而行；进入轨道；（orbit的第三人称单数）；眼眶；势力范围；轨道；（orbit的复数）
named指定的；被指名的；命名的；命名；确定；提名；取名；（name的过去式和过去分词）
explorer勘探者；探测器；探险家；[医]探针
follow in跟进；步某人后尘；效仿某人
wake醒；醒来；唤醒；意识到；唤起；激起；变得警觉；引起；守夜；守灵；守护神节日；尾波；航迹；尾流；结果；葬礼后的守灵聚会
rocks岩石；摇滚乐；（rock的复数）；摇动；摇晃；（rock的第三人称单数）
next year明年；下一年；下个年度
ZhengHe will fly for ten years, first landing on an ancient asteroid known as HO3 or Kamo‘oalewa, which loops around Earth as a quasi-satellite (see ‘Earth’s pet rock’)
郑和将飞行十年，首次降落在一颗名为HO3或Kamo'oalewa的古老小行星上，该小行星作为准卫星环绕地球运行（见《地球的宠物岩》）。
Scientists hope that studying it will give them an insight into conditions in the early Solar System
科学家们希望通过对它的研究，能够深入了解太阳系早期的状况。
ZhengHe will anchor itself on the asteroid before scooping up its sample, according to a correspondence published in Nature Astronomy last year
根据去年发表在《自然天文学》上的一篇通讯，郑和将在收集样本之前将自己固定在小行星上。
ZhengHe will return to Earth’s orbit in 2026 to drop off its spoils, which will parachute to the ground
郑和将于2026年返回地球轨道，将战利品空降到地面。
The craft will then sling-shot around Earth and Mars and travel to comet 311P/PANSTARRS in deep space
然后，该飞行器将绕地球和火星飞行，并前往深太空中的311P/PANSTARRS彗星。
重点词汇
asteroid小行星
loops圈；环；回路；弯曲部分；（loop的复数）；把…绕成环；环绕；以环连结；使成环；使绕成圈；使翻筋斗；（loop的第三人称单数）
solar system太阳系
scooping捞球
astronomy天文学
drop off跌落；快速入睡
spoils赃物；（spoil的复数）；糟蹋
parachute降落伞；减速伞；跳伞；用降落伞空投；伞投；紧急任命；临危受命；任命现任各级领导以外的人；被从现任各级领导以外任命
sling吊索；吊链；吊钩；d弓；贿赂；小费；斯林酒；吊带；悬带；吊挂；悬挂；抛；扔；吊；将（某物；尤指衣服）搭在身上；用d弓等d射石头；吊运；付小费
comet彗星
Towards a lunar base
走向月球基地
Not content with returning the first lunar samples to Earth since the 1970s, China approved three more lunar missions in December, all focusing on the Moon’s south pole, where the country is considering building a lunar base
中国不满足于将上世纪70年代以来的第一批月球样本返回地球，于12月批准了另外三次登月任务，所有任务都集中在月球南极，中国正在考虑在那里建立月球基地。
Chang’e-7, set to launch in 2024, will carry out a detailed survey of the Moon’s south pole, including mapping the distribution of ice in its shadowy craters
定于2024年发射的嫦娥七号将对月球南极进行详细勘测，包括绘制其阴影陨石坑中冰的分布图。
Chang’e-6 will follow, aiming to bring back polar soil samples
嫦娥六号将紧随其后，旨在带回极地土壤样本。
The ice is a treasure trove for scientists, who can use it to study the Moon’s history, and for prospectors, who hope to use it as rocket fuel and to supply lunar bases
对于科学家来说，冰是一个宝库，他们可以用它来研究月球的 历史 ，对于勘探者来说，他们希望用它作为火箭燃料，并为月球基地提供物资。
重点词汇
lunar base月球基地
content with感到满足；满意；安于
pole竿；杆；支杆；极；地极；地极区域；跑道内圈；主导地位；（Pole）波兰人；波兰人后裔；用篙撑
chang青稞酒
shadowy多阴影的；多荫的；模糊的；朦胧的；虚无的；虚幻的
craters火山口；（crater的复数）
bring back带回；唤起（回忆）；使忆起；恢复；重新使用
polar地极的；极地的；有电极的；有磁极的；截然相反的；生活于极地地区的；极的；极性的；极线；极光双子星
treasure trove埋藏物；不为人所知的有价值收藏
rocket火箭；严厉的斥责；芝麻菜；紫花南芥；火箭发动机；火箭d；火箭推进式导d；火箭推进式航天器；迅速增长；猛涨；用火箭攻击；飞快移动；飞速行进；迅速上升；使飞速行进；使迅速上升
Work will also begin on Chang’e-8, which is not scheduled to fly until 2030; this will test “core technologies” for a crewed international lunar research station — the focus of China’s lunar programme beyond 2025
嫦娥八号的工作也将开始，预计要到2030年才能飞行；这将测试载人国际月球研究站的“核心技术”——2025年以后中国月球计划的重点。
Russia and China will sign an intergovernmental agreement on building a research base together “as soon as possible this year”, said Wu Yanhua, vice-administrator of the China National Space Administration (CNSA), at the press conference to launch the white paper
中国国家航天局副局长吴艳华在发布白皮书的新闻发布会上说，俄罗斯和中国将“尽快在今年”签署一项关于共同建设研究基地的政府间协议。
He stressed, however, that the venture was open to all nations
然而，他强调，该项目对所有国家开放。
Wu added that China wants to broaden and deepen international collaboration, including on lunar exploration; on China’s space station, Tiangong, which is under construction; and on planetary exploration
吴补充说，中国希望扩大和深化国际合作，包括月球探测；中国正在建设的天宫空间站；以及行星 探索 。
重点词汇
begin on开始着手；开始进行
crewed（使）当船员；给配备船员（或机组人员、乘务员）；(crew的过去式和过去分词)
lunar与月亮有关的；与月亮相似的；月亮的
research base研究基地；科研基地；研究基础
broaden变宽；扩大；变开阔
deepen加深；深化
space station宇宙空间站
under construction正在施工；建设中；施工中
planetary行星的；地球的
基于多年的语言学习实践，发现，随着 社会 的飞速发展，英语、汉语等重要语言也在不断的与时俱进。这个时候，我们以不变应万变的方法之一，可以是阅读主流刊物。
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建议大家在阅读本文时：第一遍快速阅读，领悟文章重点，了解大意；第二遍开始精读，每看完一段，要仔细体会其中每一句在段落中的功能，各句之间的联系，这一段是如何衔接上下文的，它在整个语篇中的地位，以提高你猜测词义和推理上下文能力；第三遍可以查看中英翻译，继续从微观到宏观地理解原文，学会区分重点和次要信息（这对考试时的阅读非常重要），总结词汇，搭配和句型，并且最好独自翻译一遍原文，以进一步加强理解。
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