意思是差不多的呀,是个近义词。
简单的来说抵抗,比如我们一起抵抗外敌,是形容人多一点。
如果是抵制的话抵制一种不良的行为或者是商品吧不能形容人的
你好朋友!
在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。
非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.
(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。
注:动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。
People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.
(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.
附:
高中阶段能接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词:
mind(介意), suggest(建议), enjoy(欣赏,), admit(承认),
appreciate(感激,欣赏), avoid(避免), delay(推迟),
dislike(不喜欢,厌恶), escape(逃脱), finish(完成), forgive(宽恕),
imagine(想象), keep(保持), miss(错过), practise(训练),
resist(抵抗,抵制), risk(冒险), deny(拒绝,否认), consider(考虑)等。
【亲,希望对你有帮助~~】
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非谓语动词在英语中,动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上,充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分,这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词主要的句法功能一览表:
非谓语动词 功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
分词 √ √ √ √
Ⅰ). 作主语----doing/ to do:
⒈ 没有多大区别。动词原形不能在句中作主语
To see is to believe 百闻不如一见。=Seeing is believing.
⒉ doing抽象笼统的一般行为
to do具体的特别是将来的动作
Smoking is bad for health. 吸烟对人身体有害。 (笼统地谈吸烟问题)
To finish the job in two days is impossible. 要在两天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。(具体地谈这项工作)
⒊ it用形式主语于句首常用不定式置于句尾
* It is /was + adj./ n. /-ed +to do
* It is no use/good/a waste of time + doing sth.
It is impossible to finish the job in two days.
It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive.如果你不会开车,有车也没用。
It is a waste of time watching TV. 看电视是浪费时间。
⒋ There is no…句型中,常用doing作主语。
There is no saying what will happen. 无法估计将会发生什么事。
There is no use making an excuse for this.为这事编造借口没用。
Ⅱ). 作宾语-------doing/ to do:
⒈ 有些及物动词后面只能接doing作宾语,不能接不定式,常见的有:
void 避免/ miss错过/ postpone 推迟/ suggest 建议/ finish 完成/ practise练习/ enjoy 喜欢/ imagine 想象/ can’t help禁不住/ admit 承认/ deny 否认/ envy 嫉妒/escape 逃脱/ risk 冒险/ forgive 原谅/ stand 忍受/ keep保持/ mind 介意/ appreciate 感激,赞赏/ consider 认为/ delay 耽误/ detest 讨厌/ miss 想念/ resist 抵抗/ understand 理解/ feel like想要
I’m sorry I missed seeing you while in Shanghai.很遗憾,我在上海时没看到你。
He suggested discussing the problem at the class meeting. 他建议在班会上讨论这个问题。
Would you mind closing the window? 你介意把窗户关上吗?
Will you admit having broken the window?你承不承认打破了窗户了?
He avoided giving us a definite answer.他避免给我们一个肯定的回答。
I was afraid to let the boy risk climbing the tree.我不敢让这个男孩冒险爬那棵树。
I couldn’t help crying when I heard the news.听到这个消息我不禁哭起来。
⒉有些动词后面只能跟to do作宾语,不能接动名词,如:wish, hope, expect, offer, manage, decide, refuse, agree, pretend, promise, seem, fail
I don’t wish to be disturbed in my work.我不愿在工作中被打搅。
We managed to get there in time.我们设法及时到了那里。
He pretended to be reading a book.他假装在读书。
They promised to get up early.他们答应早起床。
He refused to do that job.他拒绝做那工作。
⒊ 有些动词后面既可以接动名词,也可以接不定式作宾语,其意义基本一样,如: begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand, 但like, love 和would 或should 连用时,接不定式作宾语。
例 句 解 析
1. It began to rain. It began raining.
2. It was beginning to snow.
3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.
4. I like listening to music, but today I don’t like to.
5. I don’ t prefer to swim in the river now.
1. 意思无差别,但谓语动词用进行时,后面只跟不定式。
2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语,如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动,多接不定式。
⒋有些动词后面既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语,但意义不同。如:
⑴mean to do sth. 打算干某事mean doing 意味着…
I didn’t mean to hurt you.我没打算伤害你。
Missing the bus means waiting for an hour.误了车就意味着等一个小时。
⑵stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事
I was lost and had to stop to ask the way.我迷路了只好停下来问路。
They stopped talking.他们停止了谈话。
⑶go on to do sth. (做完一件事之后)接着做(另一件事)go on doing sth.继续做某事
After learning history, we went on to learn geography.学完历史之后,我们接着学地理。
You shouldn’t go on living this way.你不应当继续过这样的生活了。
⑷try to do sth. 试图做某事try doing sth.试试做某事(往往表示某种方法或方式)
Let’s try knocking at the back door.咱们敲敲后边的门试试。
We tried to solve the problem.我们努力想解决这个问题。
⑸forget, regret, remember后接to do表示尚未发生的动作,接doing表示已经发生动作。
I forgot to write him a letter.我忘了给他写信。( 以前没写信)
I forgot writing him a letter.我忘了以前曾写信给他。 (曾写过信)
I remember seeing you before. 我记得以前见过你。( 曾见过)
Please remember to write to me.请记住要给我写信。 (目前还没写)
I regretted speaking to them about it.我后悔跟他们讲过那件事。 (以前讲过)
I regret to tell you that you didn’t pass the exam.我遗憾地告诉你,你考试没及格。 (以前没告诉过你)
⑹be used to do sth. 被用来做…be used to doing sth. 习惯于做…
We are used to going to bed early.我们习惯于早睡。
Wood can be used to make paper.木材可以用来造纸。
⑺can’t help(to)do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 不禁…
We can’t help to solve the problem.我们不能帮助解决这个问题。
On hearing the news, we couldn’t help laughing. 一听到这个消息,我们忍不住大笑起来。
⑻allow, permit, advise, forbid, consider + doing /+ sb to do
We don’t allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。
We don’t allow them to smoke.我们不允许他们吸烟。
He advised having a rest.他建议休息。
He advised me to have a rest.他建议我休息。
I considered going to Canada.我考虑去加拿大。
I consider him to be honest.我认为他诚实。
⑼need, require, want + to be done/ doing “需要(被作某种处置)”
The bridge needs/ requires/ wants repairing.
=The bridge needs/ requires/ wants to be repaired. 这个桥梁需要修一修了。
⒌介词(除but以外)后面的动词宾语一律用doing形式。
They are interested in singing.
他们爱好唱歌。( 动名词singing作介词in的宾语)
* but 与no, not any, all 等词连用时为介词,但其后面的动词用to do,
如果but前面有实义动词do 的任何形式,则but 后面用动词原形do
He did nothing but cry.
他什么也没做,只是哭。(but 前面有实义动词did, 所以but后面要接动词原形)
I had no choice but to cry.
我别无办法,只好哭。(but前面没有实义动词do,所以but后面要跟不定式形式)
⒍ “wh- + to do,这一结构可转换成该疑问词引导的从句。
It hasn’t been decided where to go. 还没决定到哪里去。(主语)
I found out where to buy fruit cheaper.我找到了廉价买水果的地方。(宾语)
The question is what to write about.问题是应写什么。(表语)
Ⅲ. 作表语---doing/ to do/ done:
⒈ doing比较抽象笼统的一般行为
to do具体某次动作,特别是将来动作
有时两者都可以用,在意思上没多大区别。
My job is typing letters and papers.
我的工作就是打信件和文件。(打信件和文件是我日常的工作)
The next step is to discuss the suggestion raised by him.
下一步将是讨论他提出的问题。
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