问题描述:
Inter发展历史上的又一个里程碑——嵌入式Inter技术产生了。它依托于Inter技术、Web技术、嵌入式技术的发展。嵌入式Inter技术是一种设备接入技术和异种网络互连技术，主要解决的问题是通过Web和嵌入式技术实现从不同子网、不同的物理区域对接入到Inter的设备和异类子网进行监控、诊断、测试、管理、及维护等功能，从而使接入到Inter的各种设备或其它类型的子网具有远程监控、诊断和管理的功能。
嵌入式Inter是从设备的角度来看Inter，这时的Inter是一种嵌入式Inter，设备连入Inter是指把Inter的功能嵌入到设备中，称为Embedded Inter Device，简称EID。
在这种技术产生之前，如果想要控制远程设备，人们必须利用专有线路，费时、费力且非常不方便，如果想要控制可以移动的设备简直是不可能。现在有了嵌入式Inter技术，可以利用浏览器通过现有的Inter来控制设备，而不是专线；人们可以控制他们想要控制的一切，只要在设备的旁边有Inter，而不管该设备现在或将来移动到什么地方。
嵌入式Inter技术的历史虽然不长，但发展却十分迅速，人们还没有来得及适应它的时候，很多相关的技术已经出现了，很多大的芯片制造商开始研制功能更强大的嵌入式芯片，软件厂商则开发出了微型的Web服务器、TCP/IP协议栈。
嵌入式Inter技术的实现方法有很多种，体系结构不同，使用的芯片不同，采用的底层技术不同、采用不同的软件技术等等。从管理的角度可以把嵌入式Inter技术的发展分为三个阶段，即集中式管理阶段、分散式管理阶段、智能管理阶段。在不同的阶段有不同的实现方法。
1．集中式管理阶段
最初，由于硬件技术的发展不能跟上嵌入式Inter的要求，嵌入到设备中的芯片没有网络接口而不能支持高端应用。为了使那些没有网络接口的电器设备拥有IP地址，能接入到Inter上，我们常采用一种前置一台PC机的方法，称这种方式为集中式管理。有时也称为基于网关技术的方法，因为这台计算机完成了TCP/IP协议到底层控制协议的转换。
在集中式管理阶段，设备网关技术是核心技术，网关提供各种设备到Inter的连接，这些设备可以有多种类型：
● 直接与能够实现网关功能的计算机相连的设备；
● 通过专用接口卡与计算机相连的设备；
在第一种情况中，设备是直接连接到PC的端口上，如RS232接口、RS485接口、RF接口、并行口甚至是USB接口上，这样的前置计算机不需要提供设备的专用驱动程序，而只要能够完成在端口间传送数据。
然而，计算机的端口资源是非常有限的，在控制复杂的设备时，只是利用计算机固有的接口是远远不够的，另外这种做法是不能进行控制扩展的，当有多台设备上网时，急剧增加的计算机会使成本增加到不可以接受的程度。所以不得不寻找其它的方法。
通过专用接口卡将设备与计算机连接的方法解决了这一问题，但是该技术相对复杂一些。与计算机连接的设备不仅需要相应的设备网关，同时还需要相应的设备驱动程序，这样当用户端的命令通过网关转换成设备能够识别的格式后，通过该驱动程序才能够正确的在该设备中执行。其基本结构如图2所示。
这样的设备大多是一些具备某种类型的网络接口(如一些现场总线网络)，但不具备内嵌Web服务器的设备，它们需要有一台计算机来完成网关和Web服务器的功能。
解析:
Inter in a development history milestone - embedded Inter technology produced It depends on in the Inter technology, the Web technology, the embedded technical development The embedded Inter technology is one kind of equipment turning on technology and the heterogeneous neork interlocks the technology, the main solution question is through Web and the embedded technical realization from the different sub, different physical region docking enters to the Inter equipment and the different races sub carries on the monitoring, the diagnosis, the test, the management, and functions and so on maintenance, thus causes to turn on Inter each kind of equipment or other type sub has the long-distance monitoring, the diagnosis and the management function
Embedded Inter is looks at Inter from the equipment angle, by now Inter was one kind of embedded Inter, the equipment pany enters Inter is refers the Inter function inserts to the equipment in, was called Embedded Inter Device, was called EID
Produces before this kind of technology, if wants to control the long-distance equipment, the people must use the appropriation line, time-consuming, takes the trouble also is not extremely convenient, if wants the equipment which controls may move is simply not impossible Now had the embedded Inter technology, may use the browser through the existing Inter control device, but is not the special line; The people may control all which they want to control, so long as has Inter in equipment side, but no matter this equipment now or the future will move to any place
Although the embedded Inter technology history is not long, but develops extremely is actually rapid, the people do not have adapts its time with enough time, very many related technologies already appeared, the very many big chip manufacturer started to develop a function more formidable embedded chip, the sofare manufacturer develops the miniature Web server, TCP/IP agreement stack
The embedded Inter technology realization method has very many kinds, the system structure is different, the use chip is different, the first floor technology which uses differently, uses different sofare technology and so on May divide into from the management angle the embedded Inter technology development three stages, namely central management stage, disperser -like management stage, intelligent management stage Has the different realization method in the different stage
1 central management stages initial, because the hardware technology development cannot follow embedded Inter the request, but inserts the chip does not have the neork connection to the equipment in not to be able to support the high end application In order to enable these not to have the neork connection electric appliance equipment to have the IP address, can turn in Inter, we often use one pretage PC machine method, called this way is the central management Sometimes also is called based on the gateway technology method, because this puter has pleted TCP/IP agreement to the first floor controlling agreement transformation
In the central management stage, the equipment gateway technology is the core technologies, the gateway provides each kind of equipment to the Inter connection, these equipment may have many kinds of types:
With can realize the gateway function puter connected equipment directly;
Passes the special-purpose connection card and the puter connected equipment;
In the first kind of situation, the equipment is connects PC directly on the port, like RS232 connection, RS485 connection, the RF connection, the parallel mouth are even on the USB connections, such pretage puter does not need to provide the equipment the special-purpose driver, but so long as can plete in the port beeen tran its the data
However, the puter port resources are extremely limited, when control plex equipment, only is uses the puter inherent connection is by far insufficient, moreover this procedure cannot carry on the control expansion, when has the multi-Taiwan equipment accesses the , the sharp growth putation opportunity makes the cost to increase to the degree which may not accept Therefore can not but seek other methods
The method which connected the equipment and the puter has solved through the special-purpose connection card this question, but this technology was relatively plex some The equipment connects which with the puter not only needs the corresponding equipment gateway, meanwhile needs the corresponding equipment driver, after like this the subscriber's premises order transforms the form through the gateway which the equipment can distinguish, only then can correct carry out through this driver in this equipment Its basic structure as shown in Figure 2
Such equipment mostly is some has some kind of type neork connection (for example some field bus neork) in, but does not have inlays the Web server the equipment, they need to have a puter to plete the gateway and the Web server function
does this application——这个应用程序
关键词汇：application
发音：英 [ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn]美 [ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn]
翻译：
n
申请；应用；涂抹于表面；敷用；持续的努力；艰苦的工作；应用程序；应用软件；关联；实际运用
复数： applications
短语搭配
application program
应用程序；应用软件
application programming interface
应用程序界面
application for
申请；应用
application to
应用于；适用
practical application
实际应用；实践应用；实际运用
双语例句
How does this affect me making an application for a subclass 485 visa
这项新政变化对我申请485签证会有什么影响
Does existing insurance cover the same products for which insurance is sought in this application
现有保险是否承保与本申请表所投保的相同产品
Our clerk does this for a living and has spent thousands of hours using the application
他在企业数据输入程序中键入表格,他使用这个系统已经有几千个小时了
Yael: So does this have any practical application
雅艾尔：那这个研究有没有什么实际用途呢？
Application of English。
1application
英 [ˌæplɪ'keɪʃn] 美 [ˌæplɪ'keɪʃn]
释义用例词组讲解更多
n 应用；申请；专心；应用程序
2双解释义
n (名词)
[C][U]申请; 申请表,申请书 (the act of making) a request
[U][C]实际应用,用途 a particular practical use
[C][U]施用,敷用,涂抹 the putting of one thing onto another, eg of medicine onto the skin or paint onto a surface
3详尽释义
n (名词)
运用，应用，适用，施用，生效
申请，请求
用功，专心，勤奋，努力，勤勉
申请书，申请表格
敷用（搽剂）
计应用程序，应用软件，应用程式，应用软体
4英英释义
Noun:
the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose;
"he advocated the application of statistics to the problem"
"a novel application of electronics to medical diagnosis"
a verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school;
"December 31 is the deadline for applications"
the work of applying something;
"the doctor prescribed a topical application of iodine"
"a complete bleach requires several applications"
"the surface was ready for a coating of paint"
a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task;
"he has tried several different word processing applications"
liquid preparation having a soothing or antiseptic or medicinal action when applied to the skin;
"a lotion for dry skin"
a diligent effort;
"it is a job requiring serious application"
the action of putting something into operation;
"the application of maximum thrust"
"massage has far-reaching medical applications"
"the application of indexes to tables of data"
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