如何安装Python 3中，并设置本地编程环境在CentOS 7

Linux下默认系统自带python2.X的版本，这个版本被系统很多程序所依赖，所以不建议删除，如果使用最新的Python3那么我们知道编译安装源码包和系统默认包之间是没有任何影响的，所以可以安装python3和python2共存

1、下载linux平台的python3.x的安装包(我下载的是python3.6版本)

[root@localhost ~]# wget

2、解压python3.6安装包

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf Python-3.6.1.tgz

[root@localhost ~]# ll

total 22024

-rw-------. 1 root root 1238 Jun 25 10:54 anaconda-ks.cfg

drwxr-xr-x. 17 501 501 4096 Mar 21 03:47 Python-3.6.1

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 22540566 Mar 21 03:47 Python-3.6.1.tgz

3、安装python3.6，默认安装路径为/usr/local

--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX

[/usr/local]

#安装报错，缺失依赖库

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# ./configure

checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

checking for python3.6... no

checking for python3... no

checking for python... python

checking for --enable-universalsdk... no

checking for --with-universal-archs... no

checking MACHDEP... linux

checking for --without-gcc... no

checking for --with-icc... no

checking for gcc... no

checking for cc... no

checking for cl.exe... no

configure: error: in `/root/Python-3.6.1':

configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH

See `config.log' for more details

#安装依赖库

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# yum install gcc

#安装python3.6

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# make &&make install

#make &&make install 报错

zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress datazlib not available

make: *** [install] Error 1

#安装zlib-devel

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# yum install zlib-devel

#重新安装

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# make &&make install

4、python3.6已安装成功，在/usr/local下生成命令python3

[root@localhost local]# ll /usr/local/bin/

total 24656

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root8 Jun 25 11:22 2to3 ->2to3-3.6

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 101 Jun 25 11:22 2to3-3.6

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 242 Jun 25 11:22 easy_install-3.6

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root7 Jun 25 11:22 idle3 ->idle3.6

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 99 Jun 25 11:22 idle3.6

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 214 Jun 25 11:22 pip3

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 214 Jun 25 11:22 pip3.6

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root8 Jun 25 11:22 pydoc3 ->pydoc3.6

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 84 Jun 25 11:22 pydoc3.6

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root9 Jun 25 11:22 python3 ->python3.6

-rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 12604536 Jun 25 11:21 python3.6

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Jun 25 11:22 python3.6-config ->python3.6m-config

-rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 12604536 Jun 25 11:21 python3.6m

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3097 Jun 25 11:22 python3.6m-config

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Jun 25 11:22 python3-config ->python3.6-config

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 25 11:22 pyvenv ->pyvenv-3.6

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 441 Jun 25 11:22 pyvenv-3.6

5、使用python3命令查看版本

[root@localhost local]# python3 -V

Python 3.6.1

[root@localhost local]# python3

Python 3.6.1 (default, Jun 25 2017, 11:20:12)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.