python如何输出文字到程序的外部，像输入法一样

这方面可以去找鼠标和键盘监听与控制之类的模块。

要输入文字到word中用python命令键盘鼠标 *** 作，为什么不用docx之类的库，进行创建与处理，这样不是方便吗？

你是想打一段拼音就出对应的字吧？这已经是要做输入法的地步了

别的输入法我不知道有没有这种设置，我用的搜狗输入法就有自定义短语设置，只要设置了，我打jzbg就能直接输出精忠报国的歌词出来

python通过pygame的第三方库。

通过pygame的第三方库实现了《外星人入侵》的游戏开发这个项目只是让大家单纯地理解Python的相关知识，当然，也在一定程度上让大家理解游戏的开发过程，但也仅限于思想的理解层面。

因为一般而言，游戏是需要性能测试的，更多时候用的是C语言、c++Python几乎不可能去用作开发，更不用说做游戏了其实Python最实用范围最广的是数据分析以及算法方面，尤其是NLP(自然语言处理)、CV(计算机视觉)、数据挖掘等方面。

我们可以很容易的通过Python解释器获取帮助。如果想知道一个对象(object)更多的信息，那么可以调用help(object)！另外还有一些有用的方法，dir(object)会显示该对象的大部分相关属性名，还有object_ doc _会显示其相对应的文档字符串。下面对其进行逐一介绍。

1、 help()

help函数是Python的一个内置函数。 

函数原型：help([object])。 

可以帮助我们了解该对象的更多信息。 

If no argument is given, the interactive help system starts on the interpreter console

>>> help()

Welcome to Python 27!  This is the online help utility

If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out

the tutorial on the Internet at

Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing

Python programs and using Python modules  To quit this help utility andreturn to the interpreter, just type "quit"

To get a list of available modules, keywords, or topics, type "modules","keywords", or "topics"  Each module also comes with a one-line summary

of what it does; to list the modules whose summaries contain a given word

such as "spam", type "modules spam"

help> int  # 由于篇幅问题，此处只显示部分内容，下同Help on class int in module __builtin__:class int(object)

|  int(x=0) -> int or long

|  int(x, base=10) -> int or long

|  

help>

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728

If the argument is a string, then the string is looked up as the name of a module, function, class, method, keyword, or documentation topic, and a help page is printed on the console If the argument is any other kind of object, a help page on the object is generated

>>> help(abs)  # 查看abs函数Help on built-in function abs in module __builtin__:

abs()

abs(number) -> number

Return the absolute value of the argument>>> help(math) # 查看math模块，此处只显示部分内容Help on built-in module math:

NAME

math

FILE

(built-in)

DESCRIPTION

This module is always available  It provides access to the

mathematical functions defined by the C standard

FUNCTIONS

acos()

acos(x)

Return the arc cosine (measured in radians) of x

>>> 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031

2、dir()

dir函数是Python的一个内置函数。 

函数原型：dir([object]) 

可以帮助我们获取该对象的大部分相关属性。 

Without arguments, return the list of names in the current local scope

>>> dir()  # 没有参数['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__']>>> >>> import math  # 引入一个包和一个变量，再次dir()>>> a=3>>> >>> dir()

['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__', 'a', 'math']>>> 12345678910

With an argument, attempt to return a list of valid attributes for that object

>>> import math>>> dir(math)  # math模块作为参数['__doc__', '__name__', '__package__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'hypot', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'modf', 'pi', 'pow', 'radians', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'trunc']>>> 12345

The default dir() mechanism behaves differently with different types of objects, as it attempts to produce the most relevant, rather than complete, information: 

• If the object is a module object, the list contains the names of the module’s attributes

>>> import math>>> dir(math)  # math模块作为参数['__doc__', '__name__', '__package__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'hypot', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'modf', 'pi', 'pow', 'radians', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'trunc']>>> 12345

• If the object is a type or class object, the list contains the names of its attributes, and recursively of the attributes of its bases

>>> dir(float)  # 类型['__abs__', '__add__', '__class__', '__coerce__', '__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getformat__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__int__', '__le__', '__long__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__rpow__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__setattr__', '__setformat__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', 'as_integer_ratio', 'conjugate', 'fromhex', 'hex', 'imag', 'is_integer', 'real']>>> dir(34)

['__abs__', '__add__', '__class__', '__coerce__', '__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getformat__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__int__', '__le__', '__long__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__rpow__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__setattr__', '__setformat__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', 'as_integer_ratio', 'conjugate', 'fromhex', 'hex', 'imag', 'is_integer', 'real']>>> >>> class A:

x=3

y=4>>> class B(A):

z=5>>> dir(B)  # 类['__doc__', '__module__', 'x', 'y', 'z']>>> 123456789101112131415161718

• Otherwise, the list contains the object’s attributes’ names, the names of its class’s attributes, and recursively of the attributes of its class’s base classes

3、_ doc_

在Python中有一个奇妙的特性，文档字符串，又称为DocStrings。 

用它可以为我们的模块、类、函数等添加说明性的文字，使程序易读易懂，更重要的是可以通过Python自带的标准方法将这些描述性文字信息输出。 

上面提到的自带的标准方法就是_ doc _。前后各两个下划线。 

注：当不是函数、方法、模块等调用doc时，而是具体对象调用时，会显示此对象从属的类型的构造函数的文档字符串。

>>> import math>>> math__doc__   # 模块'This module is always available  It provides access to the\nmathematical functions defined by the C standard'>>> abs__doc__   # 内置函数'abs(number) -> number\n\nReturn the absolute value of the argument'>>> def addxy(x,y):

'''the sum of x and y'''

return x+y>>> addxy__doc__  # 自定义函数'the sum of x and y'>>> a=[1,2,4]>>> acount__doc__  # 方法'Lcount(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value'>>> b=3>>> b__doc__   # 具体的对象"int(x=0) -> int or long\nint(x, base=10) -> int or long\n\nConvert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments\nare given  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero\nIf x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead\n\nIf x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or\nUnicode object representing an integer literal in the given base  The\nliteral can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace\nThe base defaults to 10  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36  Base 0 means to\ninterpret the base from the string as an integer literal\n>>> int('0b100', base=0)\n4">>> 12345678910111213141516171819

其实我们可以通过一定的手段来查看这些文档字符串，比如使用Pycharm，在对应的模块、函数、方法等上鼠标“右击”->Go to->Declaration。例如：查看内置函数abs的文档字符串 

我们再举一个具体的对象的例子，例如，上面具体的整型对象b的doc显示的就是其所从属的int类型的文档字符串： 

参考文献： 

1、Python帮助文档

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