什么是Socket?
所谓Socket通常也称作“套接字”，用于描述IP地址和端口，是一个通信连的句柄，应用程序通常通过“套接字”向网络发送请求或者应答网络请求，它就是网络通信过程中端点的抽象表示。它主要包括以下两个协议：
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol 传输控制协议)：传输控制协议,提供的是面向连接、可靠的字节流服务。当客户和服务器彼此交换数据前，必须先在双方之间建立一个TCP连接，之后才能传输数据。TCP提供超时重发，丢弃重复数据，检验数据，流量控制等功能，保证数据能从一端传到另一端。
UDP (User Datagram Protocl 用户数据报协议)：用户数据报协议，是一个简单的面向数据报的运输层协议。UDP不提供可靠性，它只是把应用程序传给IP层的数据报发送出去，但是并不能保证它们能到达目的地。由于UDP在传输数据报前不用在客户和服务器之间建立一个连接，且没有超时重发等机制，故而传输速度很快。
详细解说如下:
TCP传输和UDP不一样，TCP传输是流式的，必须先建立连接，然后数据流沿已连接的线路(虚电路)传输。因此TCP的数据流不会像UDP数据报一样，每个数据报都要包含目标地址和端口，因为每个数据报要单独路由。TCP传输则只需要在建立连接时指定目标地址和端口就可以了。
形象的讲，TCP就像打电话，UDP就像发电报。宏观上来看UDP是不分客户端和服务端的。通信双方是平等的。微观上来讲只相对一个报文，发送端是客户端，监听端是服务端。发送端把数据报发给路由器就像把电报发给了邮局，后面的事情就是发送者无法控制，也无从知晓的了。所以说是不可靠的，可能会出现报文丢失而无从知晓。就像每张电报都要有收件人一样，每个数据报都要有目的地址和端口。
而TCP每次连接都是分客户端和服务端的。连接的发起者(相当与拨号打电话的人)是客户端，监听者(相当于在电话边等着接电话的人)是服务端。发起者指定要连接的服务器地址和端口(相当于拨号)，监听者通过和发起者三次握手建立连接(相当于听到电话响去接电话)。建立连接后双方可以互相发送和接受数据(打电话)。
Java如何 *** 作Socket?
值得一提的是，Java分别为TCP和UDP提供了相应的类,TCP是java.NET中提供了两个类Socket和ServerSocket，分别用来表示双向连接的客户端和服务端。这是两个封装得非常好的类，使用起来很方便！UDP是java.Net.DatagramSocket.
127.0.0.1是回路地址,用于测试,相当于localhost本机地址,没有网卡,不设DNS都可以访问,端口地址在0~65535之间,其中0~1023之间的端口是用于一些知名的网络服务和应用,用户的普通网络应用程序应该使用1024以上的端口.
Socket通信模型如下：
服务器，使用ServerSocket监听指定的端口，端口可以随意指定（由于1024以下的端口通常属于保留端口，在一些 *** 作系统中不可以随意使用，所以建议使用大于1024的端口），等待客户连接请求，客户连接后，会话产生；在完成会话后，关闭连接。
客户端，使用Java socket通信对网络上某一个服务器的某一个端口发出连接请求，一旦连接成功，打开会话；会话完成后，关闭Socket。客户端不需要指定打开的端口，通常临时的、动态的分配一个1024以上的端口。
TCP网络连接模型：
AndroID客户端程序代分析:
UploadActivity.java
package com.androID.upload; import java.io.file; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.pushbackinputstream; import java.io.RandomAccessfile; import java.net.socket; import androID.app.Activity; import androID.os.Bundle; import androID.os.Environment; import androID.os.Handler; import androID.os.Message; import androID.vIEw.VIEw; import androID.vIEw.VIEw.OnClickListener; import androID.Widget.button; import androID.Widget.EditText; import androID.Widget.Progressbar; import androID.Widget.TextVIEw; import androID.Widget.Toast; import com.androID.service.UploadLogService; import com.androID.socket.utils.StreamTool; public class UploadActivity extends Activity { private EditText filenameText; private TextVIEw resulVIEw; private Progressbar uploadbar; private UploadLogService logService; private boolean start=true; private Handler handler = new Handler(){ @OverrIDe public voID handleMessage(Message msg) { int length = msg.getData().getInt("size"); uploadbar.setProgress(length); float num = (float)uploadbar.getProgress()/(float)uploadbar.getMax(); int result = (int)(num * 100); resulVIEw.setText(result+ "%"); if(uploadbar.getProgress()==uploadbar.getMax()){ Toast.makeText(UploadActivity.this,R.string.success,1).show(); } } }; @OverrIDe public voID onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentVIEw(R.layout.main); logService = new UploadLogService(this); filenameText = (EditText)this.findVIEwByID(R.ID.filename); uploadbar = (Progressbar) this.findVIEwByID(R.ID.uploadbar); resulVIEw = (TextVIEw)this.findVIEwByID(R.ID.result); button button =(button)this.findVIEwByID(R.ID.button); button button1 =(button)this.findVIEwByID(R.ID.stop); button1 .setonClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @OverrIDe public voID onClick(VIEw v) { start=false; } }); button.setonClickListener(new VIEw.OnClickListener() { @OverrIDe public voID onClick(VIEw v) { start=true; String filename = filenameText.getText().toString(); if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){ file uploadfile = new file(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),filename); if(uploadfile.exists()){ uploadfile(uploadfile); }else{ Toast.makeText(UploadActivity.this,R.string.filenotexsit,1).show(); } }else{ Toast.makeText(UploadActivity.this,R.string.sdcarderror,1).show(); } } }); } /** * 上传文件 * @param uploadfile */ private voID uploadfile(final file uploadfile) { new Thread(new Runnable() { @OverrIDe public voID run() { try { uploadbar.setMax((int)uploadfile.length()); String souceID = logService.getBindID(uploadfile); String head = "Content-Length="+ uploadfile.length() + ";filename="+ uploadfile.getname() + ";sourceID="+ (souceID==null? "" : souceID)+"\r\n"; Socket socket = new Socket("192.168.1.78",7878); OutputStream outStream = socket.getoutputStream(); outStream.write(head.getBytes()); pushbackinputstream inStream = new pushbackinputstream(socket.getinputStream()); String response = StreamTool.readline(inStream); String[] items = response.split(";"); String responseID = items[0].substring(items[0].indexOf("=")+1); String position = items[1].substring(items[1].indexOf("=")+1); if(souceID==null){//代表原来没有上传过此文件，往数据库添加一条绑定记录 logService.save(responseID,uploadfile); } RandomAccessfile fileOutStream = new RandomAccessfile(uploadfile,"r"); fileOutStream.seek(Integer.valueOf(position)); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = -1; int length = Integer.valueOf(position); while(start&&(len = fileOutStream.read(buffer)) != -1){ outStream.write(buffer,len); length += len; Message msg = new Message(); msg.getData().putInt("size",length); handler.sendMessage(msg); } fileOutStream.close(); outStream.close(); inStream.close(); socket.close(); if(length==uploadfile.length()) logService.delete(uploadfile); } catch (Exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } }).start(); } } StreamTool.java
package com.androID.socket.utils; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.file; import java.io.fileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.inputStream; import java.io.pushbackinputstream; public class StreamTool { public static voID save(file file,byte[] data) throws Exception { fileOutputStream outStream = new fileOutputStream(file); outStream.write(data); outStream.close(); } public static String readline(pushbackinputstream in) throws IOException { char buf[] = new char[128]; int room = buf.length; int offset = 0; int c; loop: while (true) { switch (c = in.read()) { case -1: case '\n': break loop; case '\r': int c2 = in.read(); if ((c2 != '\n') && (c2 != -1)) in.unread(c2); break loop; default: if (--room < 0) { char[] lineBuffer = buf; buf = new char[offset + 128]; room = buf.length - offset - 1; System.arraycopy(lineBuffer,buf,offset); } buf[offset++] = (char) c; break; } } if ((c == -1) && (offset == 0)) return null; return String.copyValueOf(buf,offset); } /** * 读取流 * @param inStream * @return 字节数组 * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] readStream(inputStream inStream) throws Exception{ ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = -1; while( (len=inStream.read(buffer)) != -1){ outSteam.write(buffer,len); } outSteam.close(); inStream.close(); return outSteam.toByteArray(); } } UploadLogService.java
package com.androID.service; import java.io.file; import androID.content.Context; import androID.database.Cursor; import androID.database.sqlite.sqliteDatabase; public class UploadLogService { private DBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper; public UploadLogService(Context context){ this.dbOpenHelper = new DBOpenHelper(context); } public voID save(String sourceID,file uploadfile){ sqliteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); db.execsql("insert into uploadlog(uploadfilepath,sourceID) values(?,?)",new Object[]{uploadfile.getabsolutePath(),sourceID}); } public voID delete(file uploadfile){ sqliteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); db.execsql("delete from uploadlog where uploadfilepath=?",new Object[]{uploadfile.getabsolutePath()}); } public String getBindID(file uploadfile){ sqliteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); Cursor cursor = db.rawquery("select sourceID from uploadlog where uploadfilepath=?",new String[]{uploadfile.getabsolutePath()}); if(cursor.movetoFirst()){ return cursor.getString(0); } return null; } } DBOpenHelper.java
package com.androID.service; import androID.content.Context; import androID.database.sqlite.sqliteDatabase; import androID.database.sqlite.sqliteOpenHelper; public class DBOpenHelper extends sqliteOpenHelper { public DBOpenHelper(Context context) { super(context,"upload.db",null,1); } @OverrIDe public voID onCreate(sqliteDatabase db) { db.execsql("CREATE table uploadlog (_ID integer primary key autoincrement,uploadfilepath varchar(100),sourceID varchar(10))"); } @OverrIDe public voID onUpgrade(sqliteDatabase db,int oldVersion,int newVersion) { db.execsql("DROP table IF EXISTS uploadlog"); onCreate(db); } } main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" enCoding="utf-8"?> <linearLayout xmlns:androID="http://schemas.androID.com/apk/res/androID" androID:orIEntation="vertical" androID:layout_wIDth="fill_parent" androID:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextVIEw androID:layout_wIDth="fill_parent" androID:layout_height="wrap_content" androID:text="@string/filename" /> <EditText androID:layout_wIDth="fill_parent" androID:layout_height="wrap_content" androID:text="022.jpg" androID:ID="@+ID/filename" /> <button androID:layout_wIDth="wrap_content" androID:layout_height="wrap_content" androID:text="@string/button" androID:ID="@+ID/button" /> <button androID:layout_wIDth="wrap_content" androID:layout_height="wrap_content" androID:text="暂停" androID:ID="@+ID/stop" /> <Progressbar androID:layout_wIDth="fill_parent" androID:layout_height="20px" androID:ID="@+ID/uploadbar" /> <TextVIEw androID:layout_wIDth="fill_parent" androID:layout_height="wrap_content" androID:gravity="center" androID:ID="@+ID/result" /> </linearLayout>
AndroIDManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" enCoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:androID="http://schemas.androID.com/apk/res/androID" package="com.androID.upload" androID:versionCode="1" androID:versionname="1.0" > <uses-sdk androID:minSdkVersion="8" /> <application androID:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" androID:label="@string/app_name" > <activity androID:name=".UploadActivity" androID:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action androID:name="androID.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category androID:name="androID.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <!-- 访问网络的权限 --> <uses-permission androID:name="androID.permission.INTERNET"/> <!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件权限 --> <uses-permission androID:name="androID.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_fileSYstemS"/> <!-- 往SDCard写入数据权限 --> <uses-permission androID:name="androID.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> </manifest>
Java服务端:
SocketServer.javapackage com.androID.socket.server; import java.io.file; import java.io.fileinputStream; import java.io.fileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.pushbackinputstream; import java.io.RandomAccessfile; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.socket; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.PropertIEs; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import com.androID.socket.utils.StreamTool; public class SocketServer { private String uploadpath="D:/uploadfile/"; private ExecutorService executorService;// 线程池 private ServerSocket ss = null; private int port;// 监听端口 private boolean quit;// 是否退出 private Map<Long,fileLog> datas = new HashMap<Long,fileLog>();// 存放断点数据，最好改为数据库存放 public SocketServer(int port) { this.port = port; // 初始化线程池 executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime() .availableProcessors() * 50); } // 启动服务 public voID start() throws Exception { ss = new ServerSocket(port); while (!quit) { Socket socket = ss.accept();// 接受客户端的请求 // 为支持多用户并发访问，采用线程池管理每一个用户的连接请求 executorService.execute(new SocketTask(socket));// 启动一个线程来处理请求 } } // 退出 public voID quit() { this.quit = true; try { ss.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } public static voID main(String[] args) throws Exception { SocketServer server = new SocketServer(7878); server.start(); } private class SocketTask implements Runnable { private Socket socket; public SocketTask(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; } @OverrIDe public voID run() { try { System.out.println("accepted connenction from " + socket.getInetAddress() + " @ " + socket.getPort()); pushbackinputstream inStream = new pushbackinputstream( socket.getinputStream()); // 得到客户端发来的第一行协议数据：Content-Length=143253434;filename=xxx.3gp;sourceID= // 如果用户初次上传文件，sourceID的值为空。 String head = StreamTool.readline(inStream); System.out.println(head); if (head != null) { // 下面从协议数据中读取各种参数值 String[] items = head.split(";"); String filelength = items[0].substring(items[0].indexOf("=") + 1); String filename = items[1].substring(items[1].indexOf("=") + 1); String sourceID = items[2].substring(items[2].indexOf("=") + 1); Long ID = System.currentTimeMillis(); fileLog log = null; if (null != sourceID && !"".equals(sourceID)) { ID = Long.valueOf(sourceID); log = find(ID);//查找上传的文件是否存在上传记录 } file file = null; int position = 0; if(log==null){//如果上传的文件不存在上传记录,为文件添加跟踪记录 String path = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd/HH/mm").format(new Date()); file dir = new file(uploadpath+ path); if(!dir.exists()) dir.mkdirs(); file = new file(dir,filename); if(file.exists()){//如果上传的文件发生重名，然后进行改名 filename = filename.substring(0,filename.indexOf(".")-1)+ dir.Listfiles().length+ filename.substring(filename.indexOf(".")); file = new file(dir,filename); } save(ID,file); }else{// 如果上传的文件存在上传记录,读取上次的断点位置 file = new file(log.getPath());//从上传记录中得到文件的路径 if(file.exists()){ file logfile = new file(file.getParentfile(),file.getname()+".log"); if(logfile.exists()){ PropertIEs propertIEs = new PropertIEs(); propertIEs.load(new fileinputStream(logfile)); position = Integer.valueOf(propertIEs.getProperty("length"));//读取断点位置 } } } OutputStream outStream = socket.getoutputStream(); String response = "sourceID="+ ID+ ";position="+ position+ "\r\n"; //服务器收到客户端的请求信息后，给客户端返回响应信息：sourceID=1274773833264;position=0 //sourceID由服务生成，唯一标识上传的文件，position指示客户端从文件的什么位置开始上传 outStream.write(response.getBytes()); RandomAccessfile fileOutStream = new RandomAccessfile(file,"rwd"); if(position==0) fileOutStream.setLength(Integer.valueOf(filelength));//设置文件长度 fileOutStream.seek(position);//移动文件指定的位置开始写入数据 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = -1; int length = position; while( (len=inStream.read(buffer)) != -1){//从输入流中读取数据写入到文件中 fileOutStream.write(buffer,len); length += len; PropertIEs propertIEs = new PropertIEs(); propertIEs.put("length",String.valueOf(length)); fileOutputStream logfile = new fileOutputStream(new file(file.getParentfile(),file.getname()+".log")); propertIEs.store(logfile,null);//实时记录文件的最后保存位置 logfile.close(); } if(length==fileOutStream.length()) delete(ID); fileOutStream.close(); inStream.close(); outStream.close(); file = null; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } finally { try { if(socket != null && !socket.isClosed()) socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) {} } } } public fileLog find(Long sourceID) { return datas.get(sourceID); } // 保存上传记录 public voID save(Long ID,file savefile) { // 日后可以改成通过数据库存放 datas.put(ID,new fileLog(ID,savefile.getabsolutePath())); } // 当文件上传完毕，删除记录 public voID delete(long sourceID) { if (datas.containsKey(sourceID)) datas.remove(sourceID); } private class fileLog { private Long ID; private String path; public fileLog(Long ID,String path) { super(); this.ID = ID; this.path = path; } public Long getID() { return ID; } public voID setID(Long ID) { this.ID = ID; } public String getPath() { return path; } public voID setPath(String path) { this.path = path; } } } ServerWindow.javapackage com.androID.socket.server; import java.awt.borderLayout; import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.Label; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; import java.awt.event.WindowListener; public class ServerWindow extends Frame{ private SocketServer server; private Label label; public ServerWindow(String Title){ super(Title); server = new SocketServer(7878); label = new Label(); add(label,borderLayout.PAGE_START); label.setText("服务器已经启动"); this.adDWindowListener(new WindowListener() { @OverrIDe public voID windowOpened(WindowEvent e) { new Thread(new Runnable() { @OverrIDe public voID run() { try { server.start(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } }).start(); } @OverrIDe public voID windowIconifIEd(WindowEvent e) { } @OverrIDe public voID windowDeiconifIEd(WindowEvent e) { } @OverrIDe public voID windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) { } @OverrIDe public voID windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { server.quit(); System.exit(0); } @OverrIDe public voID windowClosed(WindowEvent e) { } @OverrIDe public voID windowActivated(WindowEvent e) { } }); } /** * @param args */ public static voID main(String[] args) { ServerWindow window = new ServerWindow("文件上传服务端"); window.setSize(300,300); window.setVisible(true); } } StreamTool.javapackage com.androID.socket.utils; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.file; import java.io.fileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.inputStream; import java.io.pushbackinputstream; public class StreamTool { public static voID save(file file,len); } outSteam.close(); inStream.close(); return outSteam.toByteArray(); } } 运行效果如下:
AndroID前端控制:
后台监控日志:
下载后的文件路径:
源码下载地址：AndroidSocket_jb51.rar
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持编程小技巧。
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