
Silverlight的RIA应用中访问远端的WebService或WCF服务,都是通过异步线程模式调用的。在某些情况下我们的调用是需要同步进行,虽然Silverlight没有内置同步线程模式调用远端服务接口,但是我们可以通过多线程的处理来伪装出同步调用的实现。在.NET Framework的多线程编程中提供了丰富的线程接口,其中autoresetEvent和ManualresetEvent在多线程编码中最为常用,本文将介绍如何通过autoresetEvent的线程等待特性实现Silverlight同步调用远端WCF服务。
一、定义WCF服务
为了演示同步调用WCF服务的实现,提供一个简单的WCF服务接口,完成返回一本图书基本信息,WCF服务接口定义如下:
[ServiceContract]
public interface IDataService
{
[OperationContract]
Book GetBook();
}
public class Book
{
public int ID { get; set; }
public string name { get; set; }
public string Author { get; set; }
public double Price { get; set; }
}
接口提供一个返回图书基本信息的方法,包括图书编好,图书名,图书作者以及图书价格。接口具体的实现如下代码:
public class DataService : IDataService
{
public Book GetBook()
{
return new Book
{
ID = 1001,
name = "《三国演义》",
Author = "罗贯中",
Price = 89.50
};
}
}
如上提供可正常运行的WCF服务接口,在需要调用接口的地方通过WEB引用既可生成该服务的客户端代理对象。
二、基于MVVM模式的视图模型
MVVM模式的核心为INotifyPropertyChanged接口,对于实体模型对象和UI控件元素间提供了完善的同步更新特性。为了方便界面元素同步更新,这里引入了MVVP模式的简单应用。
public class viewmodelBase : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected voID RaisePropertyChangedEvent(string propertyname)
{
var handler = PropertyChanged;
if (handler != null)
handler(this,new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyname));
}
}
还需要对应于服务接口中的Book对象定义一个viewmodel对象,详细如下代码所示:
public class Bookviewmodel : viewmodelBase
{
private int ID;
/// <summary>
/// 图书ID
/// </summary>
public int ID
{
get { return ID; }
set
{
ID = value;
RaisePropertyChangedEvent("ID");
}
}
private string name;
/// <summary>
/// 图书名称
/// </summary>
public string name
{
get { return name; }
set
{
name = value;
RaisePropertyChangedEvent("name");
}
}
private string author;
/// <summary>
/// 图书作者
/// </summary>
public string Author
{
get { return author; }
set
{
author = value;
RaisePropertyChangedEvent("Author");
}
}
private double price;
/// <summary>
/// 图书价格
/// </summary>
public double Price
{
get { return price; }
set
{
price = value;
RaisePropertyChangedEvent("Price");
}
}
}
三、基于autoresetEvent的同步实现
利用autoresetEvent的线程等待特性,可以折中实现Silverlight同步调用远端WCF服务。其原理就是在Silverlight发起异步调用远端WCF的时候进行线程阻塞,比记录异步调用远端WCF服务接口的完成事件,当异步调用完成后就终止线程阻塞,从而获取状态事件对象中或得调用远程接口所返回的结果。由于视图模型对象实现了INotifyPropertyChanged接口能够及时的更新界面元素,以此间接的就实现了同步方式调用。
public class AsyncCallStatus<T>
{
public AsyncCallStatus()
{
}
public T CompletedEventArgs { get; set; }
}
public class BookFacade
{
private autoresetEvent autoresetEvent = new autoresetEvent(false);
public voID GetBook(Bookviewmodel viewmodel)
{
if (viewmodel == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("viewmodel","参数不能为空。");
}
DataService.DataServiceClIEnt clIEnt = new DataService.DataServiceClIEnt();
clIEnt.GetBookCompleted += clIEnt_GetBookCompleted;
var status = new AsyncCallStatus<GetBookCompletedEventArgs>();
clIEnt.GetBookAsync(status);
//阻塞线程
autoresetEvent.WaitOne();
if (status.CompletedEventArgs.Error != null)
{
throw status.CompletedEventArgs.Error;
}
var book = status.CompletedEventArgs.Result;
viewmodel.ID = book.ID;
viewmodel.name = book.name;
viewmodel.Author = book.Author;
viewmodel.Price = book.Price;
}
private voID clIEnt_GetBookCompleted(object sender,GetBookCompletedEventArgs e)
{
var status = e.UserState as AsyncCallStatus<GetBookCompletedEventArgs>;
status.CompletedEventArgs = e;
//终止线程阻塞
autoresetEvent.Set();
}
}
四、Silverlight前端调用
Siverlight前端就简单布局一个表单作为数据呈现界面,其代码如下:
<GrID x:name="LayoutRoot" Background="White">
<GrID HorizontalAlignment="left" name="grID1" VerticalAlignment="top" WIDth="300" margin="20">
<GrID.RowDeFinitions>
<RowDeFinition Height="30"></RowDeFinition>
<RowDeFinition Height="30"></RowDeFinition>
<RowDeFinition Height="30"></RowDeFinition>
<RowDeFinition Height="30"></RowDeFinition>
<RowDeFinition Height="30"></RowDeFinition>
</GrID.RowDeFinitions>
<GrID.ColumnDeFinitions>
<ColumnDeFinition WIDth="60"></ColumnDeFinition>
<ColumnDeFinition WIDth="*"></ColumnDeFinition>
</GrID.ColumnDeFinitions>
<sdk:Label HorizontalAlignment="left" Content="图书编号:" VerticalAlignment="Center" GrID.Column="0" GrID.Row="0"/>
<TextBox Text="{Binding ID}" GrID.Column="1" GrID.Row="0"></TextBox>
<sdk:Label HorizontalAlignment="left" Content="图书名称:" VerticalAlignment="Center" GrID.Column="0" GrID.Row="1"/>
<TextBox Text="{Binding name}" GrID.Column="1" GrID.Row="1"></TextBox>
<sdk:Label HorizontalAlignment="left" Content="图书作者:" VerticalAlignment="Center" GrID.Column="0" GrID.Row="2"/>
<TextBox Text="{Binding Author}" GrID.Column="1" GrID.Row="2"></TextBox>
<sdk:Label HorizontalAlignment="left" Content="图书价格:" VerticalAlignment="Center" GrID.Column="0" GrID.Row="3"/>
<TextBox Text="{Binding Price}" GrID.Column="1" GrID.Row="3"></TextBox>
<button Content="查询" GrID.Column="1" GrID.Row="4" WIDth="60" Height="23" Click="button_Click"></button>
</GrID>
</GrID>
通过按钮执行调用WCF服务接口查询图书信息,按钮事件直接使用上面所写的图书门面类(BookFacade)的调用服务方法即可。
private voID button_Click(object sender,RoutedEventArgs e)
{
try
{
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(delegate(object o)
{
Bookviewmodel viewmodel = new Bookviewmodel();
new BookFacade().GetBook(viewmodel);
Deployment.Current.dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => this.DataContext = viewmodel); }); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString()); }} 最终的运行如下图所示效果:
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