在oracle11g中，数据库的审计功能是默认开启的（这和oracle10g的不一样，10g默认是关闭的），
oracle11gr2的官方文档上写的是错的，当上说default是none，而且是审计到db级别的，这样就会
往aud$表里记录统计信息。
1如果审计不是必须的，可以关掉审计功能；
sql>
show
parameter
audit_trail;
name
type
value
------------------------------------
-----------
------------------------------
audit_trail
string
db
sql>
alter
system
set
audit_trail=none
scope=spfile;
sql>
shut
immediate;
sql>startup
2删除已有的审计信息
可以直接truncate表aud$,
truncate
table
sysaud$;
3或者将aud$表移到另外一个表空间下，以减少system表空间的压力和被撑爆的风险。
附：11g中有关audit_trail参数的设置说明：
audit_trail
property
description
parameter
type
string
syntax
audit_trail
=
{
none
|
os
|
db
[,
extended]
|
xml
[,
extended]
}
default
value
none
modifiable
no
basic
no
audit_trail
enables
or
disables
database
auditing
values:
none
disables
standard
auditing
this
value
is
the
default
if
the
audit_trail
parameter
was
not
set
in
the
initialization
parameter
file
or
if
you
created
the
database
using
a
method
other
than
database
configuration
assistant
if
you
created
the
database
using
database
configuration
assistant,
then
the
default
is
db
os
directs
all
audit
records
to
an
operating
system
file
oracle
recommends
that
you
use
the
os
setting,
particularly
if
you
are
using
an
ultra-secure
database
configuration
db
directs
audit
records
to
the
database
audit
trail
(the
sysaud$
table),
except
for
records
that
are
always
written
to
the
operating
system
audit
trail
use
this
setting
for
a
general
database
for
manageability
if
the
database
was
started
in
read-only
mode
with
audit_trail
set
to
db,
then
oracle
database
internally
sets
audit_trail
to
os
check
the
alert
log
for
details
db,
extended
performs
all
actions
of
audit_trail=db,
and
also
populates
the
sql
bind
and
sql
text
clob-type
columns
of
the
sysaud$
table,
when
available
these
two
columns
are
populated
only
when
this
parameter
is
specified
if
the
database
was
started
in
read-only
mode
with
audit_trail
set
to
db,
extended,
then
oracle
database
internally
sets
audit_trail
to
os
check
the
alert
log
for
details
xml
writes
to
the
operating
system
audit
record
file
in
xml
format
records
all
elements
of
the
auditrecord
node
except
sql_text
and
sql_bind
to
the
operating
system
xml
audit
file
xml,
extended
performs
all
actions
of
audit_trail=xml,
and
populates
the
sql
bind
and
sql
text
clob-type
columns
of
the
sysaud$
table,
wherever
possible
these
columns
are
populated
only
when
this
parameter
is
specified
you
can
use
the
sql
audit
statement
to
set
auditing
options
regardless
of
the
setting
of
this
parameter
oracle dg 三大模式切换
1、最大性能模式MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE --默认模式，最大性能模式特点。
1921681181SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
SQL> col dest_name for a25
SQL> select dest_name,status from v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME STATUS
------------------------- ---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID
SQL> show parameter log_archive
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------
log_archive_config string dg_config=(orcl,db01)
log_archive_dest_1 string location=/home/oracle/arch_orc
l valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_
roles) db_unique_name=orcl
log_archive_dest_2 string service=db_db01 LGWR ASYNC val
id_for=(online_logfiles,primar
y_roles) db_unique_name=db01
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest online log sequence 31
Next log sequence to archive 33
Current log sequence 33
1921681183
SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
SQL> col dest_name for a25
SQL> select dest_name,status from v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME STATUS
------------------------- ---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID
SQL> show parameter log_archive
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------
log_archive_config string dg_config=(db01,orcl)
log_archive_dest_1 string location=/home/oracle/arch_db0
1 valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_
roles) db_unique_name=db01
log_archive_dest_2 string service=db_orcl LGWR ASYNC val
id_for=(online_logfiles,primar
y_roles) db_unique_name=orcl
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest online log sequence 31
Next log sequence to archive 33
Current log sequence 33
1921681181
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest online log sequence 32
Next log sequence to archive 34
Current log sequence 34
1921681183
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_db01
Oldest online log sequence 32
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 34
2 、最大性能模式--切换到-->最大高可用 (默认是最大性能模式---MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE)。
1921681181SQL> select DATABASE_ROLE,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string service=db_db01 LGWR ASYNC val
id_for=(online_logfiles,primar
y_roles) db_unique_name=db01
1921681181
SQL> shutdown immediate
1921681183
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL> shutdown immediate
1921681181
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=db_db01 LGWR SYNC valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles) db_unique_name=db01' scope=spfile;
1921681183
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> alter database mount standby database;
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=db_orcl LGWR SYNC valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles) db_unique_name=orcl' scope=spfile;
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> alter database mount standby database;
1921681181
SQL> startup
SQL> col dest_name for a25
SQL> select dest_name,status from v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME STATUS
------------------------- ---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string service=db_db01 LGWR SYNC vali
d_for=(online_logfiles,primary
_roles) db_unique_name=db01
SQL> select database_role,protection_level,protection_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_LEVEL PROTECTION_MODE
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest online log sequence 34
Next log sequence to archive 36
Current log sequence 36
1921681183
SQL> col dest_name for a25
SQL> select dest_name,status from v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME STATUS
------------------------- ---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string service=db_orcl LGWR SYNC vali
d_for=(online_logfiles,primary
_roles) db_unique_name=orcl
SQL> select database_role,protection_level,protection_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_LEVEL PROTECTION_MODE
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_db01
Oldest online log sequence 35
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 36
1921681181
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest online log sequence 35
Next log sequence to archive 37
Current log sequence 37
1921681183
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_db01
Oldest online log sequence 36
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 37
3、最大高可用--切换到-->最保护能模式，DG最大保护模式Maximum protection。
1921681181SQL> shutdown immediate
1921681183
SQL> shutdown immediate
1921681181
SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize protection;
SQL> shutdown immediate
1921681183
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> alter database mount standby database;
1921681181
SQL> startup
SQL> col dest_name for a25
SQL> select dest_name,status from v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME STATUS
------------------------- ---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string service=db_db01 LGWR SYNC vali
d_for=(online_logfiles,primary
_roles) db_unique_name=db01
SQL> select database_role,protection_level,protection_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_LEVEL PROTECTION_MODE
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY MAXIMUM PROTECTION MAXIMUM PROTECTION
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest online log sequence 37
Next log sequence to archive 39
Current log sequence 39
1921681183
SQL> col dest_name for a25
SQL> select dest_name,status from v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME STATUS
------------------------- ---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string service=db_db01 LGWR SYNC vali
d_for=(online_logfiles,primary
_roles) db_unique_name=db01
SQL> select database_role,protection_level,protection_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_LEVEL PROTECTION_MODE
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY MAXIMUM PROTECTION MAXIMUM PROTECTION
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_db01
Oldest online log sequence 37
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 39
1921681181
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest online log sequence 38
Next log sequence to archive 40
Current log sequence 40
1921681183
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch_db01
Oldest online log sequence 37
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 40
查看物理DG日志应用情况
结果如下：
由此可以看到物理备库dg归档日志应用到了2096#，在此之前的归档日志可以清除或另外归档。
DG总体情况查询
结果如下：
工具/原料
SQL Developer
安装oracle的电脑
oracle任一版本，如oracle11g、oracle10g
方法/步骤
打开电脑，登录系统，打开电脑开始菜单，找到SQL Developer应用程序，一般目录如下：Oracle Oracle11g_home1-->应用程序开发-->SQL Developer。
2
点击SQL Developer应用程序，第一次打开时，会提示配置javaexe，找到oracle安装目录下的javaexe程序即可。
3
配置好java路径后，点击ok，进入配置文件类型关联配置，此处选择SQL关联即可，确定。
修改成归档模式步骤：关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
启动数据库到mount
SQL>startup mount;
修改成归档模式
SQL> alter database archivelog;
打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
修改成非归档模式：
步骤基本如上，只是将第三步中的命令改成如下：
SQL> alter database noarchivelog;
注意事项：oracle数据库归档模式的的修改需要关闭数据库，所以在生产系统中修改时，需要考虑数据库启停时间。
"oraclerecoverdatabase"是Oracle数据库的一个命令，用于在数据库发生故障时恢复数据库。通常情况下，需要在"mount"状态下启动数据库，然后使用"oraclerecoverdatabase"命令来恢复数据库。在执行该命令之前，需要确保数据库日志文件完好无损，并且能够访问所有必需的备份文件。
如果您遇到了无法使用"oraclerecoverdatabase"命令的问题，建议您检查数据库日志文件和备份文件是否可用，以及您是否有足够的权限来执行该命令。另外，如果您在使用Oracle的RMAN备份恢复技术，则可以考虑使用RMAN的"RESTORE DATABASE"命令来恢复数据库。
请注意，对于任何关于数据库恢复的问题，建议您先备份所有关键数据，并咨询专业的Oracle数据库管理员或技术支持人员以获取帮助。
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