英文外刊，养耕共生，鱼与沙拉共存

原文：

Corner shops are within walking distance of many homes, open long hours and small enough not to require customers to linger too long inside They no longer sell just basic necessities, such as milk, beer and sweets And they offer other services, from charging e-bikes in South Korea to paying for online shopping in Mexico On paper, this makes them perfectly suited to the pandemic And in practice

Going into covid-19, convenience stores were a mixed bag Some benefited asbusier lifestyles, smaller households and ageing populations led more people to shop little, often and locally They were the only brick-and-mortar shops in South Korea whose sales grew in 2019 OXXO, a Mexican chain with some 20,000 outlets across Latin America, reported sales of $87bnin2019, up by 10% on the year before Minimarts, which mostly operate as franchises, have been opening in China, India and Thailand

Elsewhere they have struggled In Japan, home to the world’s three biggest chains, they have been in outright decline The share price of Seven & i Holdings, the giant which owns 7-Eleven and accounts for a third of the industry’s $360bn in global revenues, has dropped by around 30% over the past two years, as investors cooled on its saturated domestic market Its two Japanese rivals, FamilyMart and Lawson, have been laggards, too In many countries supermarkets have been muscling in on their traditional high-street turf In September Asda, a British supermarket, launched Asda on the Move, joining Tesco Express and Sainsbury’s Local

Despite the potential pandemic boost, performance this year has been similarly patchy The average value per convenience store transaction in China increased by 120% at the height of the pandemic, and stayed high In Britain the Co-operative Group declared that sales rose by 8% in the first half, year on year, to £58bn ($76bn), thanks to its Co-op and Nisa minimarts At the same time Seven & i reported a 12% drop in operating profits in the three months to August FamilyMart lost money in the third quarter OXXO’s parent company, FEMSA, is also in the red this year

Although some pandemic shopping habits favour convenience stores, others do not Rivals are offering the same goods for less and brought to your doorstep, often in an hour or two Deliveroo, a British food delivery app(part-owned by Amazon), ferries booze from supermarkets In August DoorDash, an American one that teamed up with 7-Eleven in the pandemic’s early days, launched its own virtual DashMart

To fend off rivals, stores must evolve with shoppers’ changing ideas of convenience, says Amanda Bourlier of Euromonitor International, a research firm One American chain, Wawa, has opened drive through stores Another, Casey’s, has reported a surge in digital sales Stores in South Korea and Japan, which face labour shortages, are toying with automated payments In America 7-Eleven now delivers online orders to homes, as well as public places like parks But its parent has also bought Speedway, a chain of American petrol stations, for $21bn That adds 3,900 outlets to the 9,000-odd 7-Elevens in America (and 70,000 or so globally) It is a big bet that petrol cars aren’t soon disappearing—and nor are convenience stores

译文：

便利店开在许多住宅的步行范围之内，经营时间长且店面小，不足以满足顾客逗留太长时间的需求。它们不仅销售生活必需品，例如牛奶、啤酒和糖果，还提供其他服务，比如从南韩的电动车充电服务到墨西哥的线下结算在线上购买的商品。理论上，这些优势能够使便利店完美地适应疫情，但实际上是否如此呢？

随着疫情的到来，便利店的表现并不相同。越来越忙碌的生活方式、越来越小的家庭和越发年老化的人口使得更多的人选择少量地、经常地、离家近地购买商品，一些便利店因此受益。2019年南韩的几家实体超市营业额有所增长。墨西哥的连锁店OXXO（在拉丁美洲有20000家商店）公布2019年的销售额为87亿美元，比去年增长了10%。中国、印度和泰国也逐渐开了很多家拥有特许经营权的便利店。

然而其他地方的便利店的情况并不好。起源于日本的世界三大便利店已经呈现彻底的衰落。随着投资者对饱和本地市场冷静下来，Seven&i Holdings（一个控股7-11便利店且收入在该产业全世界3600亿美元中占比三分之一的巨头）所控的股价已在过去两年下降大约30%。它的两个来自日本的竞争对手——全家和罗森同样有所退步。许多城市的超市也强行加入便利店领域，例如在九月，英国超市Asda开了Asda on the Move,Tesco Express和Sainsbury's Local超市也采取了类似的行动。

尽管疫情有潜在的刺激增长作用，今年便利店的表现好坏不一。中国便利店平均每单交易价格在疫情期间增长了120%，且保持在高水平。英国的Co-operative Group得益于Co-op 和Nisa minimarts便利店，销售额与上半年相比增长了8%，有58亿英镑（76亿美元）。而在同期，Seven&i的运营利润在六七八月减少了12%，全家在第三季度有所亏损，OXXO的母公司FEMSA的账务在今年也呈赤字。

虽然疫情时的购物习惯有利于一些便利店，其他便利店却没有因此受益。竞争对手提供同样的商品，但以更低的价格出售，或者花一至两小时将商品送至家门口。比如英国食物配送软件Deliveroo（亚马逊持股）提供从超市运送酒精饮料的服务。八月时，美国品牌DoorDash和7-11便利店合作开设虚拟商店。

研究公司Amanda Bourlier of Euromonitor International说道：“为了应对竞争对手，便利店必须随着顾客关于方便想法的改变而进化发展。”美国连锁商店Wawa开设提供免下车服务的门店，另外Casey's的线上销售额也飙升。南韩和日本的便利店由于面临劳动力短缺的问题，正在考虑开发自动支付技术。美国的7-11便利店现在能够将订单配送至家中或公园等公共场所，它的母公司花费210亿美元购买了美国连锁加油站Speedway，使得在美国增加开放3900家商店，现已达大约9000家711便利店（全世界大约有70000家），这些表现可以说是一个赌汽油汽车和便利店不会消失的赌注。

查找过程及困惑：

一开始是在学校图书馆网站找外文文献，设置了时间以及期刊等条件的限制，左边一栏有主题的选择，但不知道为什么没有设置成功，导致搜出来的外文文献很多且很多主题对我来说比较生涩难懂。后来在微博听从一个博主的建议，在一个专门提供外刊阅读的微信公众号里找到了想要的文章。翻译过程：先看一遍全文，标注生词并找寻释义，最后观看公众号的视频讲解。

From: Scientific American(科学美国人)

Title: There Is Nothing Normal about One Million People Dead from COVID in America 在美国，有100万人死于新冠，这一点都不正常

abstract

2022年02月18日刊

在大多数时间里，美国的日增新冠死亡病例仍然保持在2500例以上。所以美国仍有可能在4月达到死亡100万人的里程碑。

原文阅读

Sometime in the next few weeks, the official death toll for the two- year COVID pandemic in the US will reach one million Despite being the wealthiest nation on the planet, the US has continued to have the most COVID infections and deaths per country, by far, and it has the highest per capita death rate of any wealthy nation This is an unfathomable number of people dead, yet, mass media are downplaying it This is despite an empathetic New York Times headline in May 2020 of “US Deaths Near 100,000, an Incalculable Loss,” and using its entire front page to print names of some of the deceased

The Times is not alone; several large mainstream publications, in complicity with politicians of both major political parties, have been beating a death knell of a drum for getting “back to normal” for months The effect is the manufactured consent to normalize mass death and suffering—to subtly suggest to Americans that they want to move on

News media are helping to shape public opinion in order for business to return to the very circumstances that have created this ongoing crisis A return to normal will allow profits to be reaped by people working relatively safely from their homes (the target audience of many news organizations’ advertisers) at the expense of people working or studying in person who are more vulnerable

导读笔记

段一

Sometime in the next few weeks, the official death toll for the two- year COVID pandemic in the US will reach one million Despite being the wealthiest nation on the planet, the US has continued to have the most COVID infections and deaths per country, by far, and it has the highest per capita death rate of any wealthy nation This is an unfathomable number of people dead, yet, mass media are downplaying it This is despite an empathetic New York Times headline in May 2020 of “US Deaths Near 100,000, an Incalculable Loss,” and using its entire front page to print names of some of the deceased

sometime adv 在(将来或过去的)某个时候;

death toll 死亡人数;

1toll n(战争、灾难等造成的)毁坏;伤亡人数;

2n(道路、桥梁的)通行费;

motorway tolls 高速公路通行费;

wealthy adj 富有的;

1 wealthiest city 最富裕的城市;

2 the wealthiest man 首富;

per capita adj 每人的;人均的;

1 average earnings per capita 人均收入;

1 per-capita income 人均国⺠收入;人均收入;

unfathomable adj 深不可测的;无底的;莫测高深的;

mass media 大众传播媒体;

downplay vt 对轻描淡写;轻视，贬低;

downplay the epidemic 对疫情不予重视;

empathetic adj 体恤别人感受的;感同身受的;

incalculable adj 无法计算的;不可估量的;数不清的;

front page n 头版;标题版;

the deceased 死者;已死的人;

参考译文

在未来几周的某个时候，美国两年的新冠疫情的官方死亡人数将达到100万人。尽管美国是地球上最富裕的国家，但到目前为止，美国仍然是每个国家 中新冠感染和死亡人数最多的国家，而且它的人均死亡率是所有富裕国家中 最高的。这是一个难以估量的死亡人数，而大众媒体却轻描淡写。尽管《纽 约时报》在2020年5月发布了一篇富有同情心的标题“美国死亡近10万人， 这是不可估量的损失”，并在整个头版刊登一些死者的名字。

段二

The Times is not alone; several large mainstream publications, in complicity with politicians of both major political parties, have been beating a death knell of a drum for getting “back to normal” for months The effect is the manufactured consent to normalize mass death and suffering—to subtly suggest to Americans that they want to move on

mainstream adj 主流的;

1 mainstream culture 主流文化;

2 mainstream education 主流教育;

complicity n 共犯;勾结;同谋;

politician n 政客(尤指政府成员);政治家;

beat/bang a drum (for sb/sth) (为)竭力鼓吹，摇旗呐喊;

1 drum sth into sb 向某人反复灌输;对某人反复讲述;

death knell 丧钟;结束的信号;

manufactured adj 制造的，已制成的;

1 manufactured goods 制成品;产成品;

consent n 许可，允许;同意，赞同;正式批准文件，批文;

suffering n(内心或肉体的)痛苦;

subtly adv 微妙地;巧妙地;敏锐地;

1 The truth is subtly different 事实略有不同。

move on 往前走，前进;

参考译文

《纽约时报》并非个例，几家大型主流出版物与两大政党的政客沆瀣一气， 几个月来一直在敲响“恢复正常”的丧钟。其效果是人为地同意将大规模死亡 和苦难正常化——微妙地暗示美国人，要向前看。

段三

News media are helping to shape public opinion in order for business to return to the very circumstances that have created this ongoing crisis A return to normal will allow profits to be reaped by people working relatively safely from their homes (the target audience of many news organizations’ advertisers) at the expense of people working or studying in person who are more vulnerable

shape vt 塑造，决定的形成;影响的发展;

1 Like it or not, our families shape our lives and make us what we are 不管喜欢与否，我们的家庭塑造了我们的生活，造就了我们。

ongoing adj 持续存在的，仍在进行的，不断发展的;

reap vt 获得，收获;

1 You reap what you sow 一分耕耘，一分收获。

work from home 家中工作;在家上班;

1 Increasing numbers of people elect to work from home nowadays 现在越来越多的人选择在家上班。

target audience 目标受众;目标观众;目标客户;

at the expense of 以为代价;

参考译文

新闻媒体正影响公众舆论，以便企业回到造成这场持续危机的环境中来。回 归常态将使那些在家相对安全地工作的人(许多新闻机构广告商的目标受 众)获得利润，而那些更容易受到疫情影响的亲自工作或学习的人将付出代价。

This is a seed

这是一粒种子。

It doesn't look like much right now, but if you put it in the ground, give it some water, fight off invaders, and wait a little while

现在它看起来很普通，但如果你把它放进土里，浇一些水，击退入侵者，并等待一段时间。

After a few weeks with a little luck, you might end up with a head of lettuce

幸运的话，几周后你可能会得到一棵莴苣。

That's a lot of work for a hundred calories

为了得到这100卡路里，任务繁重。

But what if we had an easier way of doing things

但是，如果我们以更简单的方法来做这件事

One that didn't require any soil, used much less water, and grew faster

一种不需要任何土壤,使用更少的水，生长更快的作物

One where food could actually grow itself

一个食物可以自己生长的地方

By 2050, the world's population is expected to reach almost 10 billion people

到2050年，世界人口预计将达到近100亿。

That's a lot more mouths to feed

要养活的人数不胜数。

But, only 11 percent of land is even suitable for agriculture

但是，只有11%的土地适合农业耕作。

So, farmers will have to turn to innovative and more efficient farming practices for a solution

因此，农民将不得不求助于更有效的新耕作方法来解决问题。

One of the most promising is а method called aquaponics, which doesn't require any soil,and involves raising fish and plants together in a contained system

最有希望的方法之一是养耕共生法， 它不需要任何土壤，在一个封闭的系统中，鱼和植物共同生长。

There are several different setups you can use, but here's how the most popular method works

你可以使用几种不同的装置，但以下是最流行的方法。

The process begins at the fish rearing tank

这个过程从鱼池开始。

Here, highly adaptable fish like tilapia, are given plenty of fish food, which also leads to plenty of waste

在鱼池中，像罗非鱼这种适应性很强的鱼被喂养大量鱼食，这也导致了大量浪费。

The solid waste is fltered out by flowing water, but the water which is still full of ammonia from the fish excrement is mixed with special plastic pieces

流动的水将固体废物过滤掉，但鱼的粪便中会产生大量氨， 富含氨的水中还有特殊的塑料碎片。

Naturally occurring bacteria grow on these surfaces, which helps convert the toxic ammonium in the water into nitrites and the nnitrates

自然产生的细菌在水的表面生长，这有助于将水中的有毒铵转化为亚硝酸盐，然后再转化成硝酸盐。

Nitrates are basically plant food

基本上，硝酸盐为植物所食用。

So, the nutrient-rich water flows out into the growing area, where seedlings on floating rafts can absorb the food directly through their roots

因此，营养丰富的水流入种植区，漂浮在木筏上的幼苗可以通过根部直接吸收养分。

No soil required

不需要土壤。

Above them, energy-efficient LED lights are adjusted to provide the optimal color spectrum

在水池之上，调整节能LED灯的位置来提供最佳光照。

All of this comes together, helping the plants grow up to twice as fast as land crops

所有这些因素共同发力，这些植物的生长速度得以比陆地作物高两倍。

And because the plant roots purify the water,the cycle can start all over again

因为植物根部净化了水，循环可以重新开始。

Commercial systems can yield up to 12 times as much produce per square foot as traditional farming methods

该商业系统中每平方英尺的产量是传统农业方法的12倍。

Leafy greens like lettuce are the easiest crops to grow, but they often focus on more valuable herbs like basil and mint

像生菜这样的绿叶蔬菜最容易种植，但他们通常会种植更有价值的草本植物，如罗勒和薄荷。

Aquaponics is one of the most sustainable agricultural systems, but it still has a long way to go before becoming a go-to farming method

养耕共生是最具可持续性的农业系统之一，但要成为一种可靠的农业耕作方法还有很长的路要走。

New developments are continuing to make the process more customizable, automated,and efficient than ever

由于新的发展，养耕共生比以往任何时候都更加可定制、自动化和高效。

Who knows, in the future your salad might even be grown by a fish!

谁知道呢，在将来，你的沙拉甚至可能被一条 鱼滋养!

What food would you grow in your aquaponicsystem

在你的养耕共生系统中，你会种植什么食物呢

Let us know in the comments below

请在下面的评论中告诉我们。

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