ubuntu安装mqtt，python发布订阅

1、安装MQTT

#要安装最新版本的MQTT服务器，需配置 Mosquitto 源
apt-add-repository ppa:mosquitto-dev/mosquitto-ppa
apt-get update
#安装
apt install mosquitto
#安装 mosquitto-clients 才会有 mosquitto_sub 和 mosquitto_pub 命令
apt install mosquitto mosquitto-clients
#安装 MQTT 开发库
apt install mosquitto-dev

#启动
 mosquitto -v -d -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf

2、启动 MQTT 服务

#启动
osquitto -v
#启动
mosquitto -v -d -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf

#重启
/etc/init.d/mosquitto restart

订阅一个消息：
>>mosquitto_sub -t 'myopic' -v -d

发布一个消息：
>>mosquitto_pub -t 'mytopic' -m 'hello world' -d

3、设置密码

 1、创建用户

#方式1
#这里是创建一个新的 mqtt 用户 scott，接下来就会问密码与确认密码，目前是设置为 123456
mosquitto_passwd -c /etc/mosquitto/passwd scott

#方式2
#这里是创建一个新的 mqtt 用户 zhangsan ，设置为 123456
mosquitto_passwd -b /etc/mosquitto/passwd zhangsan 123456

 2、修改配置文件

#添加配置，禁止匿名用户以及指定密码文件
vim /etc/mosquitto/conf.d/default.conf

allow_anonymous false
password_file /etc/mosquitto/passwd

 3、重启 MQTT 服务

/etc/init.d/mosquitto restart

4、测试

 发布

mosquitto_pub -t 'mytopic' -m 'hello world2' -d -u scott -P 123456 -q 2
Client null sending CONNECT
Client null received CONNACK (0)
Client null sending PUBLISH (d0, q2, r0, m1, 'mytopic', ... (12 bytes))
Client null received PUBREC (Mid: 1)
Client null sending PUBREL (m1)
Client null received PUBCOMP (Mid: 1, RC:0)
Client null sending DISCONNECT

 订阅

/etc/mosquitto# mosquitto_sub -t 'mytopic' -v -d -u scott -P 123456 -q 2
Client null sending CONNECT
Client null received CONNACK (0)
Client null sending SUBSCRIBE (Mid: 1, Topic: mytopic, QoS: 2, Options: 0x00)
Client null received SUBACK
Subscribed (mid: 1): 2
Client null received PUBLISH (d0, q2, r0, m1, 'mytopic', ... (12 bytes))
Client null sending PUBREC (m1, rc0)
Client null received PUBREL (Mid: 1)
Client null sending PUBCOMP (m1)
mytopic hello world2

python代码

首先，先修改配置文件，增加ip和端口号，否则只能用127.0.0.1.

bind_address 192.168.31.129
port 1883

 然后重启。

python代码如下

publish.py

import random
import time

from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client


broker = '192.168.31.129'
port = 1883
topic = "mytopic"
user = "scott"
password = "123456"
# generate client ID with pub prefix randomly
client_id = f'python-mqtt-{random.randint(0, 1000)}'

def connect_mqtt():
    def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
        if rc == 0:
            print("Connected to MQTT Broker!")
        else:
            print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc)

    client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id, transport='tcp')
    client.username_pw_set(user, password=password)
    client.on_connect = on_connect
    client.connect(broker, port)
    return client


def publish(client):
    msg_count = 0
    while True:
        time.sleep(1)
        msg = f"messages: {msg_count}"
        result = client.publish(topic, msg,qos=2)
        # result: [0, 1]
        status = result[0]
        if status == 0:
            print(f"Send `{msg}` to topic `{topic}`")
        else:
            print(f"Failed to send message to topic {topic}")
        msg_count += 1


def run():
    client = connect_mqtt()

    client.loop_start()
    publish(client)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

subscribe.py

import random

from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client


broker = '192.168.31.129'
port = 1883
user = "scott"
password = "123456"
topic = "mytopic"
# generate client ID with pub prefix randomly
client_id = f'python-mqtt-{random.randint(0, 100)}'


def connect_mqtt() -> mqtt_client:
    def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
        if rc == 0:
            print("Connected to MQTT Broker!")
        else:
            print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc)

    client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id, transport='tcp')
    client.username_pw_set(user, password=password)
    client.on_connect = on_connect
    client.connect(broker, port)
    return client


def subscribe(client: mqtt_client):
    def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
        print(f"Received `{msg.payload.decode()}` from `{msg.topic}` topic")

    client.subscribe(topic)
    client.on_message = on_message


def run():
    client = connect_mqtt()

    subscribe(client)
    client.loop_forever()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

运行效果

 

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