
高考英语作文常用写作句式句型汇总,我把我这里收集的资料和你分享一下,希望能帮上你,加油!!!
一.开头用语:
良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时,通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求,点出文章的中心思想。
1.议论论文:
A Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.
B Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient
C When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience However,
D Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside
E As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life
F Why do you go to university Different people have different points of view
2 书信:
A I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar
B I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job
C Thank you for your letter of May 5
D How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9
E How nice to hear from you again
3 口头通知或介绍情况:
A Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please I have an announcement to make
B Attention, please I have something important to tell you
C Mr Green, Welcome to our school To begin with, let me introduce Mr Wang to you
4 演讲稿:
A Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health
B Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest
二.并列用语:
as well as, not only…but (also), including,
A Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life
B All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture
C He speaks French as well as English=He speaks English, and French as well=He speaks not only English but also French
D E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication
三.对比用语:
on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to , though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless
A I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures
B It is hard work; I enjoy it though
C Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun
四 递进用语:
even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse
A The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location
五 例证用语:
in one’s opinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely
A As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
B There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education
六 时序用语:
first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time, in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays,
A They will be here soon Meanwhile, let’s have coffee
B Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty
七 强调用语:
especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth , not at all ,
A Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep
B What in the world/on earth are you doing
八 因果用语:
thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of, owe to
A The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales
B As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations
九 总结用语:
in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all
A Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters
B In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted
常用句型
(一)段首句
1 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that
……
2 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers,however,it
is correct in many cases even today
3 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。
Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life First, ……
Second,……What makes things worse is that……
4 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。
Nowadays,it is common to …… Many people like …… because ……
Besides,……
5 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception,it has both advantages
and disadvantages
6 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,……
People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person Some people say
that ……To them,……
7 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious
8 ……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。
……has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way
9 ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day lifeit
has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well
10 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it
can be seen that……while Obviously,……but why
(二)中间段落句
1 相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……。
On the contrary,there are some people in favor of……t the same time,they
say……
2 但是,我认为这不是解决……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I don't think it is a very good way to solve ……For example,……Worst
of all,……
3 ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而且……,最重要的是……
……is necessary and important to our country's development and construction First,……What's
more, ……Most important of all,……
4 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt First, we can……
5 面临……,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……,另一方面,
Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to……
For one thing,For another,
6 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……,另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。
It is high time that something was done about it For example ……In addition……All
these measures will certainly……
7 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说,……的主要原因是由于……
Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The
third is……For all this, the main cause of ……use to ……
8 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,……也有它的不利的一面,象……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has
its own disadvantages, such as ……
9 尽管如此,我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous
10 完全同意……这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下:
I fully agree with the statement that ……because……
(三)结尾句
1 至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent I
think that ……
2 总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来……。
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future
3 但是,……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,……,而……。然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)……
But ……and……have heir own advantages For example, …… while……
Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……
4 就我个人而言,我相信……,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……
Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright
future is awaiting us because……
5 随着社会的发展,……。因此,迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量,这个社会将要变得越来越好。
With the development of society, ……So it's urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better
and better
6 至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为……更合理。只有这样,我们才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you……
7 对我来说,我认为有必要……。原因如下:第一,……; 第二,……;最后……但同样重要的是……
In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows First
……second …… Last but not least,……
8 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而,就我个人而言,我发现……。
It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends
very much on the situation of……however, from a personal point of view
find……
9 综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion
that……
10 如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我们应该做的是……
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable
result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is
常用句型:
开头:
When it comes to , some think
There is a public debate today that
A is a commen way of , but is it a wise one
Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus
提出观点:
Now there is a growing awareness that
It is time we explore the truth of
Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible
进一步提出观点:
but that is only part of the history
Another equally important aspect is
A is but one of the many effects Another is
Besides, other reasons are
提出假想例子的方式:
Suppose that
Just imagine what would be like if
It is reasonable to expect
It is not surprising that
举普通例子:
For example(instance),
such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)
A good case in point is
A particular example for this is
引用:
One of the greatest early writers said
"Knowledge is power", such is the reward of
"" That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise)
"" How often we hear such words like there
讲故事
(先说故事主体),this story is not rare
, such delimma we often meet in daily life
, the story still has a realistic significance
提出原因:
There are many reasons for
Why , for one thing,
The answer to this problem involves many factors
Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves
The first reason can be obiviously seen
Most people would agree that
Some people may neglect that in fact
Others suggest that
Part of the explanation is
进行对比:
The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of
Although A enjoys a distinct advantage
Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned
A maybe , but it suffers from the disadvantage that
承上启下:
To understand the truth of , it is also important to see
A study of will make this point clear
让步:
Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as
I do not deny that A has its own merits
结尾:
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw
the conclusion that
In summary, it is wiser
In short
概括来说,开发中常用到的功能:串口通信、网口通信、数据库访问、数据加解密处理等等。这些方面的知识都要掌握的,细说的话主要有以下几个方面:
一、语言相关
1、基础(Basic)
(1)变量与基本类型:语言内置类型、常量、变量的初始化、变量的作用域、变量的 限定符、变量引用、枚举; (2)typedef 和#define;
(3)数值与指针:数组定义与初始化、多维数值、指针 *** 作;
(4)表达式:算术/逻辑计算、位运算、优先级、类型转换;
(5)语句:简单语句、声明/定义语句、复合语句、条件/循环控制语句、异常处理语 句;
(6)函数:函数声明、参数传递、堆栈概念、函数重载;
(7)标准IO:条件状态、缓冲区、文件流、字符流、本地化;
(8)类和数据抽象:类的定义与声明、类的构造函数、静态成员、拷贝构造函数、 *** 作符重载、类型转换;
(9)面向对象编程:数据(封装)抽象、继承、多态(动态绑定);
2、进阶(Advance)
(1)模板与泛型编程:模板定义、实例化、类模板成员、重载、特化; (2)智能指针:auto_ptr、shared_ptr、scoped_ptr;
(3)STL容器:顺序容器(vector、list、deque、queue、priority_queue、string)和关 联容器(map、set、multimap、multiset); (4)STL算法:迭代器、算法; (5)常用复杂数据结构:hash_map、boostany、boost array、boost regex、boost variant、 boost multi_array、boost pointer_container;
3、高级(Expert)
(1)高级泛型编程:表达式模板、模板元编程、Concept编程;
(2)程序架构,内存池,线程池;
(3)高级抽象:boostmpl、boostlambda、boostfusion、boostproto;
(4)范式应用:boostspirit;
(5)应用程序库:boostasio 、boostgraph、blitz++、Loki、CGAL、uBLAS;
二、系统相关
1、基础(Basic)
(1)Windows API之基础服务:文件系统、注册表、内存管理、DLL、多媒体;
(2)Windows API之内核对象:句柄、信号、线程、进程、互斥、事件、文件映射、 命名管道、邮槽、计时器、完成端口;
(3)Windows API之图形设备接口:设备上下文、打印、字体、笔/刷、路径、区域、 位图;
(4)Windows API之图形用户界面:窗口、标题、菜单、状态栏、消息、图标、按钮、 编辑框、组合框、列表框、滚动条、通用对话框;
(5)环境配置及Shell编程:环境变量、右键菜单、属性、关联; (6)Socket编程; (7)Web相关API; 2、进阶(Advance)
(1)MFC/ATL:文档视图结构、对话框、通用控件、OleDB、WinInet; (2)COM、自动化、ActiveX:Office开发、IE插件、VBA; (3)高级图形系统:OpenGL、DirectX; (4)二次开发:ObjectArx;
三、计算相关
1、计算机图形学
(1)向量:点积、叉积、求模、单位化、复合运算;(basic)
(2)矩阵:算术运算、平移/旋转/缩放/错切等变换、求逆、特征值;(basic) (3)四元组合欧拉角:与其他表示转换;(advance) (4)参数曲线/曲面:贝塞尔、(非)均匀有理样条;(advance) (5)三维几何体的构造与描述;(expert) 2、计算几何
(1)几何查找与判断:点与线、线与线、点与多边形;(basic) (2)多边形:简单多边形、凸多边形、多边形三角剖分;(advance) (3)凸壳及其应用;(advance) (4)Voronoi图/三角剖分及其应用;(advance) (5)多边形的交与并;(expert) (6)平面图;(expert) 3、数值计算
(1)数值计算的三大任务:求值、解方程(组)、函数逼近;(basic) (2)数值计算的误差、适定性、稳定性;(basic)
(3)解线性方程组直接方法:Gauss消元法、三角分解法;(basic)
(4)解线性方程组一般迭代方法:基本迭代、Jacobi迭代、G-S迭代、SOR/SSOR迭代; (advance)
(5)解线性方程组的变分迭代法:共轭梯度、预处理共轭梯度法;(expert) (6)解非线性方程组迭代方法:Newton迭代法、Newton-Raphson迭代法、同伦算法; (expert)
(7)求解矩阵特征值:乘幂法与反乘幂法、Rayleigh商迭代法、QR法、Krylov子空间 法;(expert)
(8)插值:多项式插值、样条插值;(advance) (9)数值积分:Simpson公式、Gauss积分;(basic) (10)解常微分方程:欧拉法、Runge-Kutta法;(advance) (11)解椭圆方程:有限单元法、有限差分法、边界元法;(expert)
希望可以帮到您,谢谢!
掌握英文简历的基本写作特点及写作方法能让你获取一个好的机会去赢得理想的工作。那你知道该怎么制作属于自己的简历表格吗下面是我为大家带来的,相信对你会有帮助的。
一 Name : zhuna telephone : Degree : Bachelor Professional: Information Technology and Business Management Experience : 10years national : Han School: address : E-mail : zhuna Self Asses ent : Well independent thinking and problem-solving ability, good munication skill, well known about teamwork, well motivation ability, mature, responsible, optimistic and modest, strong ambition to succeed Target Job : Desired Job Category: puter/Network/Technology | Customer Service Desired Job Industry: IT Service/System Integration | Hardware/Network Equipment | Internet/e-merce | Real Estate Development/Construction and Engineering | Telemunications Equipment/Operation/Value-Added Service Desired Salary: Negotiable Desired City: I can start from: within 1 month Work Experience : 20102-20112 Construction Group IT Manager Responsibilities and Achievements: IT department daily management Sche ng department works, appraise the members performance, the training plan for all the internal users Planning and development of IT solutions for pany Regulate the use of IT assets Manage and work with members, and ability to municate effectively with other department 20072-20101 Technical Support Engineer Responsibilities and Achievements: Answer phone calls and provide technical support for mercial and consumer users on software and hardware problems for notebook, desktop, workstation, PDA and thin client; PDA and soft skill training for new heirs; 20067-20071 Climate Control Corp IT Engineer Responsibilities and Achievements: Whole pany IT hardware and software management and maintenance Network device management and maintenance OA system management ERP system management Education : 20029-20067 Bachelor Major Category: Information Technology and Business Management 二 Name zhuna Gender Date of Birth Location Contact No Address E-mail zhuna Job Target Target Industry The hope responds to a call for recruits profession scope Target job Human Resources Director ,Human Resources Manager Target address Shanghai Target salary Anticipation wage level welfare demand,Discussing in person To hillock time The new post can in the long time assume the post Working Experience 2008/05— Present XXX Industry: Others HR & ADM Department HR & ADM Manager With more than 80 years developing and business expansion, Riello has bee the leading pany and the global top brand in the industrial and civil burner manufacturing field Responsibilities: To prepare scientific and rational annual HR planning, and balance employee preparation for each department according to the facts of pany, mand the rmation of employees at any moment To assist each dept to make detailed job description and position ysis of each department, optimize the pany position structure continually To assist department manager to observe and yze all staffs constantly so as to ensure the balance of pany human resource To prepare the reserve force To take charge of pany recruitment according to pany culture and requirement To set up the scientific salary and welfare system, normalize the mendation system; Check the bonus distribution scheme of each dept and promote it To yze the salary for each dept, adjust the distribution way rationally, and promote the inner management of department continually To take charge of the annual salary adjustment for employees, make scientific and invigorative salary adjustment for employees to accelerate their good performance in next year To set up and perfect the KPI and performance appraisal system, make position appraisal and employee appraisal, improve the working capability for employees continually To take charge of the annual performance appraisal; assist department manager to improve the performance of employees to reach the pany requirement To set up humanistic welfare system and supervise to carry it out, try best to promote the better relation between employees and leaders To set up the rational and effective munication system to motivate and promote the better relation between employees and leaders To be familiar with the relevant HR law and policy, mand its trend at any moment, make the HR system and employee handbook for pany To make HR positive management for employees; ensure each business and affairs to carry out steadily and oothly To conduct and push subordinates to work effectively Report Directly to: General Manager Number of Subordinate:1 2007/07—2007/09 Reell Precision Manufacturing Corporation Shanghai Office Industry: puters, Hardware Human Resources Department Human Resources Manager Which is a Representative Office of a USA manufacturing pany Reell is established in 1970 and has bee the leading pany in the “torque” design, solution application and manufacturing field Responsibilities: Facilitate the implementation of HR policies and procedures throughout the pany Assist the VP of HR with the development of all aspects of the human resources function Be responsible for coordinating social and recreational events for pany Develop, revise and implement policies and regulations manuals for the pany, including employee handbook Develop, apply and interpret pany policies and procedures to individuals and departments within the pany to provide solutions to employee problems Coordinate and participate in all hiring activities Develop and utilize sources of potential candidates to fulfill pany staffing needs Prescreen candidates; develop & administer relevant petency asses ent tools, coordinate and organize hiring interviews; participate in hiring decisions, conduct background and reference checks and make job offers Design and implement growth and development content and processes of all new employees hired, ensuring all training and orientation classes are pleted Be responsible for pany Values and Skills Training, and other training activities/events with the VP of HR Plan, develop, and administer the various employee benefit support services Administrate mercial insurance and all other relative benefit programs Review and monitor all benefits on a regular basis to remend changes and/or improvements Serve as a representative of the pany for volunteer and munity services Prepare government reports and coordinates with pany accountant in preparation of reports for relevant government agencies Serve as the coworker responsible for development and maintenance of safety practices Serve as the Advisor to the Office Administrator Report Directly to: HR VP & Office CR 3 Number of Subordinate:1 Reason for Leaving: Victimized by a fierce Office faction from senior management Achievements: Develop and improve all policies and regulations for the pany, including employee handbook; Established an efficient HR frame for the pany 2005/05—2007/06 Helkama Bica Shanghai Co, Ltd Industry: Tele & Network Equipment Human Resource Dept Human Resources Manager This is a wholly owned Finnish pany Helkama have had 100 years developing history since it existed and now Helkama Bica is one of the most famous Cables manufacturers in Finland Responsibilities: Lead HR team to provide support for acplishing pany goals Work out HR policies and advices for Finnish headquarter and implement related policies In charge of all HR functions, including recruiting, training, performance review, pensation & benefits, employee relations and other HRM activities/programs Establish and coordinate the recruiting policy, develop and implement the recruiting plans, supervise the selecting process Build and systemize the training process, make and implement training policy, evaluate and select the training suppliers/agencies, assess and measure the effectiveness of training programs Coordinate and promote performance management program and process Adjust the structures of C&B, establish C&B policy, develop and carry out various programs Build up good munication platform between management and employees, manage the employment contract and cope with the staff’s conflict and labor disputations Establish and improve pany regulations, pile/update the Employee Handbook, modify/correct the job instruction Ensure efficient administrative support Guide and support Team members Report Directly to: General Manager Number of Subordinate:2 Reason for Leaving: Spending more than 4 hours on going to and returning from work everyday because of pany moving from Jinqiao to Fengxian Hoping to work in downtown and having enough time to care for my old father Achievements: Succeeded in recruiting technological engineers and managerial staffs for all departments and having built the regular operation procedures of most HR functions, such as recruiting, training, performance review, pensation & benefits, employee relations and so on Having established an efficient HR system for the employer and making the Human Resources Management being implemented as reasoning, regularizing and systematizing Education/Training 2000/09—2005/12 Fudan University Administration Bachelor Administration, Psychology, Dicision Sience, Organization ectThis is a Part-time Self-education Project 1996/09—1998/06 Fudan University Secretary Associate Secretary, Business manages Stenography, Sociologies, Rhetoric, and Writing ect Certificate 2006/09 Quality Management Systems Requirements and Internal Auditor 2005/06 CET6 2005/01 Enterprise HR Manager Grade 2 1999/01 Intermediate puter Application Certificate 1998/01 CET4 Language skill English: Fluent Self-appraisal 10 years working experience and 8 years professional experience as HR Manager in MNCs; Proficient in recruiting, training, C&B, performance review and employee relations; Strong abilities of implement, coordination and organization; Team work;5familiar with labor law and HR rules
重庆电信企业信息化事业部 傅诣
目前垂直的部门管理模式对“以客户为中心”、“零不爽”要求弊端日益明显。特别是在当前市场需求瞬息万变,需求要求快速支持的背景下,需求无法高质量的实现,首先表现在需求实施的效率与速度上,无法快速支持需求。其次表现在需求实施质量上,需求上线问题较多,带来很多次生问题,需求质量业务单位与分公司都不满意,影响IT口碑。
以客户需求为中心,启用矩阵式需求管理,建设高、精、尖需求界面团队,在企信部设立后方资源池,深入需求一线,让需求一线指挥炮火,实现需求小前端,大后端,前端综合化、后端专业化,后端全力支持前端。
现状:目前企信部采用传统的垂直化组织架构,各域组织界面分明,容易形成部门壁垒,需求由需求前置团队接收,分派到各个域,较为复杂的联合需求由各域分别评估,各域再进行联合确认,再与需求业务单位进行沟通,期间反馈多次,效率较低,特别是在部分需求细节存在问题时,往往需要多次开会共同确认,在实现方案上各部门也往往各执一词,耽误需求实施时间,也影响需求实施质量。
措施:
1采用需求矩阵式管理:针对重要需求,采用项目制管理,由各部门部门负责人、技术专家、实施人员、厂商组建临时需求实施团队,此团队不隶属于任何一个部门,采用承包方式,将需求承包给虚拟团队,每个需求团队负责人拥有可以“呼唤炮火”的权利与“签署责任书”的义务,做到权责对立,平衡(后面会详细说明)。这样就可以整合事业部各部门的专家优势,打通部门壁垒,快速实现需求。该方式也就在事业部层面就形成了一个垂直于传统部门的需求实施矩阵,与各域的生产维护形成互补。
2“黄金四边形”:黄金四边型目标是建立贴近需求一线的敏捷化组织,在事业部层面对外形成统一的界面,能灵敏捕捉到公司领导及一线的关键需求,找准需求“痛点、关键点”,迅速调动资源,建立专项团队,灵活快速实现需求,打破部门壁垒,突破原始需求流程的烦冗。团队必须包含“项目经理”、“需求分析团队”、“方案设计实施团队”、“后期维护支撑团队”四个关键团队,形成黄金四边型。
各团队职责如下
(1)项目经理:项目经理是团队的****,是需求的第一责任人,拥有“呼唤炮火”调度资源的权利,同时,也是需求目标达成的第一责任人,签署需求实施承诺责任书,在需求完成后接受事业部对实施情况的考评。厂商负责人也纳入项目经理。
(2)需求分析团队:需求分析人员是与业务单位接触的排头兵,是第一接触人,首要任务是找到需求的“痛点”或“题眼”,其次是需求实施的桥梁,对外,负责引导业务单位按照IT“先上菜”进行推进,引导业务单位采用IT推荐的需求实施方案与分布实施的时间计划;对内,负责将需求与方案设计实施团队沟通,形成需求支撑方案,并与前端沟通。再次,在需求实施全生命周期中对需求变更进行管理。分析团队工作必须量化,每个需求必须要有需求分析说明书,每次需求会议必须要有需求沟通(或评审)会议纪要,每次需求变更需要有需求变更记录。
(3)方案设计实施团队:由各域的专家与执行人员组成,负责需求实施方案的落地,并与需求人员一起对实施方案向业务单位沟通,达成一致,最后由此团队的实施人员完成需求上线(执行人员可能与后面的“后期维护支撑团队”人员重复)。方案实施团队必须输出每个需求的方案,方案由事业部形成统一的模板输出,方案质量纳入管控。此环节是当前需求实施中的短板,很多需求在完成需求分析后,直接丢给厂商实施,实施方案中功能部分内容没有评审,界面部分在实施中也没有DEMO,没有也业务单位沟通,导致质量不被业务单位认可。该点如何提升,建议如下:
首先把需求分为5个层次,要求在方案模板中必须都进行说明,底层为功能需求,仅仅针对功能本身;第二层为服务需求,本层包含业务及流程,提升服务能力的需求;第三层为体验需求,考虑到客户感知的需求,含易用性, *** 作性,感知方面;第四层为关系需求;顶层为成功需求,即满足公司组织成功,有效推动业务发展。我们现在往往注重第一层的功能需求,对其他层次需求不够关注。即使在第一层功能需求中,还存在“简单功能做不好,复杂功能做得好”的情况,原因就是以IT惯性思维技术为导向,没有以客户需求为中心,没有抓住需求“痛点”,将IT功能做得复杂。后续,我们要多放精力到第2至第5个需求层次中,更加注重易用性, *** 作性,快速支撑。
(4)后期维护支撑团队:目前我们往往“重建设,轻维护”,需求上线后,就算完了,监控、作业计划没有跟上,上线后也不能主动发现问题,往往前端发现问题后,已经晚了,造成了较严重的后果。对此,后续维护支撑团队,首要任务是建立需求上线初期的监控保障手段,用数据说话,证明新需求上线后的运营情况,提前于业务单位发现问题,及时处理。其次,对新需求上线后的监控,作业计划进行实施,对新需求上线后出现的问题进行集中解决,为一线提供支撑。
前面说了,我们建立了矩阵式需求管理制度,组建了高、精、尖的需求团队,那么如何进行运作?
1小前方,大后方:需求分析团队直面业务单位,但我们后面有一个强大的支撑保障团队(各域专家、实施人员、战略合作伙伴等),各域整合资源形成整体支撑大平台,提供解决方案,提供技术支持,这样才能让小前方需求分析人员有底气,有引导需求,主导实施的资本。
2一线呼唤炮火:当需求人员或需求预沟通发现重点需求时,一线要迅速做出反应,立即呼唤炮火支撑,后端将根据需求难易程度,配备必要的资源,在实施过程中动态补充人员,必要时采用王牌团队或王牌专家,快速应对需求,落实方案,稳步推进。
实现小前方、大后方,一线呼唤炮火的措施:
(1)呼叫的炮火要集中在一点原则:集中在“痛点”或“需求题眼”上,才能实现“闪电战”。这也是中心领导说的先上关键“菜”。虽然我们呼唤到了火力,但是如果针对整个需求的方方面面,无法显示出火力的局部优势(火力被分散了),这就要求我们的需求项目团队,与业务单位沟通,集中火力先上关键“菜”,这个原则的度一定要控制好。
(2)组织人员保障:按不同域对不同人员进行打标,定义他们的责任,为他们指明发展方向,形成人力资源池。按照需求项目管理,需求实施需要管理者、需求分析人员、技术保障人员、上线后维护支撑人员。需要对各部门人员打标,属于哪一种角色,形成专家库,为随时组建队伍做准备。
(3)需求考评机制:事业部拟定出台《需求实施承诺书》,包含权利与义务。权利是可以在一定范围内调配资源,承诺为需求完成的目标,在完成目标时对应的奖励与惩罚。项目经理代表团队签署承诺书,并在需求上线后1个月内接受事业部考评,并进行奖励或处罚,并给团队及成员等级评定。
(4)团队及专家等级晋升机制:各种人才打标后,均成为此类型的专家,需要对组建的团队与专家根据需求实施效果进行考评,采用军队的晋升方式。通过考评筛选出王牌团队与王牌专家,在遇到重要需求,疑难问题时,优先使用王牌团队与王牌专家,使其成为“特种部队”。这样做的目的,是将事业部目前的“屯兵模式”提升为“精兵模式”,让不确定、困难复杂的关键需求,由精兵完成,提升感知。通过此方式,还可以建立企信部的战略预备队,为IT队伍的后续发展提供帮助。
(5)仲裁(指导)委员会:仲裁委员会设立的目的就是打破部门间的壁垒,具备横向传递沟通及协同作战能力。前面说到,项目经理作为需求项目实施的第一负责人,具有一定的动态调配资源的权限,但如果在需求实施工程中,出现与职能部门的壁垒或冲突,或遇到其他管理问题、人力资源问题,由仲裁委员会仲裁决定。建议仲裁委员会由事业部领导及部门领导组成,针对非技术性问题进行协调仲裁。
(6)技术委员会:事业部技术委员会负责需求实施中遇到的方案问题解决及支撑,特别是对在哪个系统实施较优方面进行确认。在需求遇到技术难题时,技术委员会将对技术细节进行指导。
(7)需求管理平台(缺失):事业部目前使用门户及ITSM系统结合对需求流程进行管理,但缺失一个统一的需求管理平台,各部门目前均使用EXCEL对需求进行管理,哪些需求已超期,哪些需求为事业部当前重点需求,哪些需求不合理,没有一个需求管理系统进行管理,所以,建立一套需求管理分析系统,迫在眉睫。
(8)会议管理系统(缺失):以业务部为例,上周业务部有10个会议,其中需求会议6项。业务部目前通过人员进行管理,罗敏每周五发会议周报,列举会议清单,从安徽学习后,业务部要求每个参会的人员出具会议纪要,由罗敏汇总。简单会议出简单的会议纪要,重要会议,出详细的会议纪要。我们希望有一个会议管理系统,将每次会议的纪要进行上传,纳入系统管理,这样,可以有效杜绝需求、专项工作进度上下不一致的情况。
(9)需求变更文档化:加强需求文档管理,这里重点强调一下需求变更管理,由于一些重要需求是公司领导需求,需要业务单位按照领导要求细化,并不断与领导沟通,这样必然会多次变更需求,IT为保障需求尽快上线,必然存在需求在实施中多次变更的情况。这就要求,每次需求变更必须文档化,把整个需求变更的情况记录下来,也要求需求团队与方案设计团队、后续维护支撑团队做好沟通,将每次确认的内容文档固话。这里建立事业部出具需求变更模板。
(10)需求模式固化:先选取少量需求试点此方式,在积累经验后,迅速固化实施流程,并将流程清晰、重复运营的流程及工作模板化,抓住主要的模板建设,再把相关的模板流程串起来,不断优化。形成知识库,事业部通过呼叫炮火的方式,集中支持,集中处理,解决共性问题,这些共性问题的解决要形成知识库,在后续遇到类似问题时,快速支撑。
(11)需求透明化:月初,需求版本部署会议,与业务单位沟通本月需要实现的需求;月中,由事业部整体出面(或各需求项目经理)与需求业务单位就需求进度进行沟通;次月上线后,与需求单位进行需求后评估,对需求后续维护及问题解决进行落实,对需求后评估结果进行沟通。
(12)加强需求过程管控:在建立此机制后,需要进一步加强需求过程管控,授权不等于放任,必要时实时监控。
申报表封面填写说明 1
申请企业法定代表人声明 1
申报企业基本情况表(表dj-t1-1): 1
申报企业基本情况表(表dj-t1-1续): 2
申报企业基本情况表(表dj-t1-2) 2
申报企业组织结构表(表dj-t2) 2
控股、参股公司概况(表dj-t2续) 2
申报企业负责人(表dj-t3)、技术负责人(表dj-t4)和财务负责人情况表(表dj-t5) 2
信息系统集成项目经理情况表(表dj-t6-1) 3
其他系统集成工程技术人员情况表(表dj-t6-2) 3
自主开发软件产品、工具情况表(表dj-t7-3续) 3
申报企业软件开发及信息系统集成环境情况表(表dj-t8) 3
申报企业软件开发与系统集成质量保证工作情况表(表dj-t9) 3
申报企业近三年资产运营情况表(表dj-t12-1) 4
申报企业近三年资产运营情况表(表dj-t12-2) 4
申报企业近三年计算机信息系统集成项目汇总表(表dj-t13) 4
典型计算机信息系统集成项目情况表(表dj-t13续) 5
正在实施的代表性项目情况表(表dj-t14) 5
申报企业需要说明的问题(表dj-t15) 5
主评审员确认及申报单位意见 5
审查、审批意见 5
申报表封面填写说明
(一)填写说明:
1 “申报企业”;请填写申报企业全称(应为具有独立法人资格的企业),并加盖企业公章。
申请企业法定代表人声明
(一)填写说明:
1 申请企业法定代表人对《计算机信息系统集成企业资质申报表》及附件中所有数据和内容进行确认,并签字。
2 资质认证工作联系人指的是申报企业中资质申报以及通过认证后相关管理工作的联系人(当联系人相关信息发生变化时,请及时告知省市工业和信息化主管部门)。
申报企业基本情况表(表dj-t1-1):
(一)填写说明:
1 曾用名:申报企业曾经使用过的名称(以工商名称核准通知书为准),使用过多个名称的填写多个曾用名。
2 主管部门:如果没有主管部门则不填写。
3 企业名称、法定代表人、注册资本、成立时间、注册号和注册地址:严格按照申报企业法人营业执照填写。
4 主要经营的业务:填写申报企业经营的主要业务种类名称。
5 申报企业近三年信息系统集成中“完成项目总值(万元)”、“软件费用(万元)”、“软件费用占项目总值百分比”、“自主开发的软件费用(万元)”等栏目按照《申报企业近三年计算机信息系统集成项目汇总表》(dj-t13)中的数据填写;“系统集成主要业务领域”是指《申报企业近三年计算机信息系统集成项目汇总表》(dj-t13)中合同金额合计前3位的(项目所属)领域,或者申报企业具有优势地位、将来重点发展的领域。
6 “软件开发与系统集成相关人员总数”包括研究开发人员、工程实施人员、技术服务人员等系统集成直接相关人员(不含销售人员),总数须与《信息系统集成项目经理情况表》(表dj-t6-1)和《其他系统集成工程技术人员情况表》(表dj-t6-2)两表中人员数量之和相等。
(二)需要提供的材料:
1 “企业法人营业执照(副本)”复印件。
申报企业基本情况表(表dj-t1-1续):
1 “申报企业发展简历-事项”仅包括企业成立、变更等事项。
2 “关于主要股东的进一步说明”:当股东是能够对企业经营方向起决定性作用的企业时,需要简单说明其基本情况。
申报企业基本情况表(表dj-t1-2)
(一)填写说明:
1 “申报企业历史发展、现状、发展规划等情况概述”概括叙述申报企业的演变和历史发展过程、主要相关业绩、近期发展现状及企业短期、中长期发展规划。
申报企业组织结构表(表dj-t2)
(一)填写说明:
1 插入企业“组织结构图”
2 说明各部门职能及部门间关系。
控股、参股公司概况(表dj-t2续)
(一)填写说明:
1 如果申报企业拥有控股、参股公司,填写主要的控股、参股公司的名称、主要经营的业务、主要股东及其持股比例。
申报企业负责人(表dj-t3)、技术负责人(表dj-t4)和财务负责人情况表(表dj-t5)
(一)填写说明:
1 企业负责人,如总经理、总裁;技术负责人,如总工程师、技术副经理、技术副总裁;财务负责人,如总会计师、财务总监。
2 “身份z件号码”处可以填写身份z、军官证、护照证件号码中的任一个。
3 “信息技术领域企业管理经历(年数)”指从事管理工作的年数;“计算机信息系统集成工作经历(年数)”指从事计算机信息系统集成工作的年数。
4 申报企业负责人和申报企业技术负责人职称可以按下表作视同处理:
中专毕业生 大专毕业生 大学本科 硕士/双学位 博 士
高级职称/ / 11年以上 8年以上 3年以上
中级职称/ 8年以上 6年以上 3年以上 毕业当年
初级职称6年以上 4年以上 2年以上 毕业当年 /
5 财务负责人职称,指的是财务系列职称,包括:初级职称(助理会计师)、中级职称(会计师)、高级职称(高级会计师)、注册会计师、审计师。
6 “获奖情况”指在工作中获得的省部级以上奖励和荣誉。
信息系统集成项目经理情况表(表dj-t6-1)
(一)填写说明:
1 获得项目经理资质的软件开发与系统集成相关人员相关信息填入此表。
其他系统集成工程技术人员情况表(表dj-t6-2)
(一)填写说明:
1 没有获得项目经理资质的软件开发与系统集成相关人员相关信息填入此表。(表dj-t6-1和dj-t6-2两个表中软件开发与系统集成相关人员总数应与《申报企业基本情况表》(表dj-t1-1)中的“软件开发与系统集成相关人员总数”相等。)
自主开发软件产品、工具情况表(表dj-t7-3续)
(一)填写说明:
1 名称、序号必须与《自主开发软件产品、工具情况表》(表dj-t7-3)中的名称、序号一致。
申报企业软件开发及信息系统集成环境情况表(表dj-t8)
(一)填写说明:
1 所有内容均仅指与软件开发及系统集成环境有关的内容。
2 计算机包括台式机和笔记本电脑。
3 “其它”中填写其它栏目中未列入的设备,并请注明设备名称、型号和数量。
申报企业软件开发与系统集成质量保证工作情况表(表dj-t9)
(一)填写说明:
1 申报企业通过多个“质量管理体系认证”时,可以将表中相应行拆分成多列。如:
符合的质量管理体系标准 ISO9000:2000 CMMI
证 书 编 号 xxxxxx xxxxxx
2 认证机构和分包机构必须经过国家认证认可监督管理委员会批准。登录认监委网站(>
IT服务外包分为以下几种:
1、从应用层面划分,IT服务外包包括IT系统服务外包和业务流程服务外包两大类。
2、IT系统服务外包可以分为IT基础架构外包(IT lnfrastructure Outsourcing)和应用系统外包(Applicaiton System Outsourcing)
3、从外包的范围划分:
1)IT资源整体外包:以有限的资金投入享受优质、安全、规范的专业服务,适用于不想成立企业自己的IT部门或雇佣IT工程师,并且迫切降低成本运营并且享受IT专业服务的公司。
2)内部IT技术外包:是客户现有的IT系统发挥更大的价值并得到规范的管理。降低运营成本并享受高品质的服务。适用于已有IT环境,想实现规范化的管理,并充分利用已有系统发挥最大价值且降低运营成本的公司。
3)IT项目实施外包:专业的实施方案;高品质、高效率的实施能力,合理的价格服务。适用于实施某IT方案时现有实施能力不足或花费较大,希望专业外包公司代为实施的公司。
前瞻产业研究院团队为您解答=====为满意答案吧====
Pro/Engineer *** 作软件是美国参数技术公司(PTC)旗下的CAD/CAM/CAE一体化的三维软件。
Pro/Engineer和WildFire是PT用的软件名称,但在中国用户所使用的名称中,并存着多个说法,比如ProE、Pro/E、破衣等等都是指Pro/Engineer软件。
proe2001、proe20、proe30、proe40、proe50、creo10\creo20\creo30\creo40\creo50等等都是指软件的版本。
扩展资料
主要特性
Pro/E采用了模块方式,可以分别进行草图绘制、零件制作、装配设计、钣金设计、加工处理等,保证用户可以按照自己的需要进行选择使用。
1.参数化设计
相对于产品而言,我们可以把它看成几何模型,而无论多么复杂的几何模型,都可以分解成有限数量的构成特征,而每一种构成特征,都可以用有限的参数完全约束,这就是参数化的基本概念。但是无法在零件模块下隐藏实体特征。
2. 基于特征建模
Pro/E是基于特征的实体模型化系统,工程设计人员采用具有智能特性的基于特征的功能去生成模型,如腔、壳、倒角及圆角,您可以随意勾画草图,轻易改变模型。这一功能特性给工程设计者提供了在设计上从未有过的简易和灵活。
3. 单一数据库(全相关)
Pro/Engineer是建立在统一基层上的数据库上,不像一些传统的CAD/CAM系统建立在多个数据库上。所谓单一数据库,就是工程中的资料全部来自一个库,使得每一个独立用户在为一件产品造型而工作,不管他是哪一个部门的。
换言之,在整个设计过程的任何一处发生改动,亦可以前后反应在整个设计过程的相关环节上。例如,一旦工程详图有改变,NC(数控)工具路径也会自动更新;组装工程图如有任何变动,也完全同样反应在整个三维模型上。
这种独特的数据结构与工程设计的完整的结合,使得一件产品的设计结合起来。这一优点,使得设计更优化,成品质量更高,产品能更好地推向市场,价格也更便宜。
参考资料来源:百度百科-Pro/ENGINEER
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