it工程师简介及详细资料

First of all is the pressure Because of the university entrance examination, Chinese students

have to study hard in order to enter the university And most of their families know a view thatknowledge can change your fate But most of American family just want to they childwill have a job which can make life Second, Chinese students’strong belief in hard work A strong belief can make you be a superman to achieve you dream Chinese students just have it Resent years we often hear that which high school give students the hell training for university entrance examinationAnd most of students insist on it until end of the examination Furthermore they are always being old to forget everything without study It sounds like brainwash right But it is really useful Let’s turn back to American students The American education pays more attention to student’ability of practice not students can get what score in examination

The last one I want to say is the education expense The American education budget in 2012 is 488 billion It is the 6% of GDP But in China it just 4% And we

haven’t count the gap of GDP

In fact that Chinese student is far more than American students In China the uneven distribution of resource also a big problem

Many Chinese students study hard more for getting better education

That is all I want to say about this topic

Culture clash: Why Arena of Valor is struggling in America

文化冲突：美国的《王者荣耀》为什么在挣扎

It's impossible to argue that Tencent's Honor of Kings isn't the biggest mobile game in the world right now

不得不说腾讯的《王者荣耀》目前是世界最大手游。

In 2017

the mobile MOBA generated $19 billion in revenue and boasted 200 million active players in China alone It became the focus of a new esports initiative called the King Pro League (KPL) Younger players even had their play time restricted by Tencent in July last year after government concerns about its impact

2017年MOBA游戏创造了19亿美元的收益，单在中国就有2亿活跃玩家，它成为一个新的电子竞技赛事《王者荣耀职业联赛》的重点。去年7月 担心该游戏的影响，腾讯甚至限制了年轻玩家的游戏时间。

Yet in the west

its sister title Arena of Valor is disappointingly plodding along 

然而在西方，它的姊妹篇《王者荣耀》前景却不容乐观。

（美版的蝙蝠侠就是中国版的兰陵王）

According to Sensor Tower

the game has taken six months to cross the one million install mark on both Google Play and the App Store in the country 

据Sensor Tower（移动应用数据分析公司）称，该游戏花了6个月时间才拿下美国Google Play和App Store 100万的安装量。

Furthermore

it's only generated $3 million to date - less than Honor of Kings does in a single day domestically

此外，截至目前收入仅为300万美元——低于《王者荣耀》在国内的单日收入。

Why then is Arena of Valor struggling in the US 

那么《王者荣耀》在美国为什么没有打开市场？

Partially

it's a victim to market trends

but mostly it's a game lost in translation By being stripped of China's unique cultural and market context

Arena of Valor lost much of what made Honor of Kings work

and has suffered in the process

部分原因是受市场潮流影响，但主要还是该游戏变味了。没有了中国独特的文化和市场氛围，《王者荣耀》丢掉了很多促使其成功的要素，推广受阻。

（这是貂蝉）

Arena of Valor's parative lack of success in the US market is not entirely down to an unfortunate release date Instead

we can only understand its problems by looking at where Honor of Kings succeeded in China instead

《王者荣耀》在美国市场相对来说不够成功也不能完全归咎于发布时机不对。我们只能通过分析其在中国的成功反观其存在的问题。

First

Honor of Kings genre choice fits much more naturally with the Chinese market than with the American market

首先，《王者荣耀》题材的选择相比美国市场更自然地契合中国市场。

While MOBAs are popular in the US

in China they're a gaming phenomenon Honor of Kings' enormous audience is plemented by Riot's League of Legends

which last reported an active player base of over 111 million players

虽然MOBA游戏在美国大受欢迎，但在中国只是一种游戏现象，拳头（美国网游开发商）的《英雄联盟》为《王者荣耀》提供了巨大的用户基础，据最近报道《英雄联盟》的活跃玩家基数已突破111亿。

This market fit has benefitted Honor of Kings significantly 

这一市场契合度对《王者荣耀》的成功意义重大。

By tapping into an already engaged audience with a mobile equivalent of a PC experience

it was well placed to both expand rapidly and follow a similar mercial direction to its PC counterpart

借助PC端经验获得的积极的移动设备用户使该游戏既可以快速推广，又能遵循与PC端游戏相似的商业方向。

（超人就是关羽）

（会飞的关羽是不是应该叫开羽？）

Second

 Honor of Kings benefits because it is tapped much more closely into China's mobile infrastructure 

其次，《王者荣耀》的成功在于它更贴近中国移动基础设施。

Although Arena of Valor uses Facebook to connect players

Honor of Kings' connection with Tencent's QQ and WeChat goes much deeper than idle sharing 

虽然《王者荣耀》可以通过Facebook连接玩家，但中国版可以将腾讯的QQ和微信用户的联系深入到休闲分享中。

Instead

Tencent's exceedingly popular chat apps - each boasting hundreds of millions of users - fully power the social aspect of the game by allowing players to see who is online

invite players to games and discuss strategies

腾讯这两个热门社交聊天应用中每个都拥有上亿用户，玩家可以看到谁在线，邀请玩家加入游戏并讨论策略，这充分发挥了该游戏的社交作用。

Both services act

in essence

like a platform to drive engagement and push up its player bases 

其实这两个应用都成为了推动参与和扩大玩家基础的平台。

描述

IT工程师是一个认证考试，具体地说是从事软体职业的人员的一种职业能力的认证，通过它说明具备了工程师的资格。IT工程师的技术要求是比较全面的，除了最基础的程式语言(C语言/C++/JAVA等)、资料库技术(SQL/ORACLE/DB2等)等，还有诸多如JAVA SCRIPT、AJAX、HIBERNATE、SPRING等前沿技术。此外，关于网路工程和软体测试的其他技术也要有所涉猎。

职业功能

1、负责研发公司套用软体的模组设计、开发和交付

2、负责编码，单元测试

3、按照功能组件的详细设计

4、对其他软体工程师的代码进行审核

5、参与新知识的学习和培训

6、修复程式BUG

7、参与与其业务相关的需求变更评审

8、完成上级交办的其他事宜

9、编写技术设计文档

考试科目

考试的题目包括了计算机体系结构、软体工程、资料库、数据结构、编译原理等计算机学科的基础课程。

职业需求

1 外包开发行业快速发展，对"人才"在代码和文档方面的规范性、技能和工具的熟练程度要求越来越高; 2 Java和NET技术在市场上平分秋色，都有大量的岗位需求，同时值得庆幸的是二者在套用层面上的技术差异越来越少;

3 软体开发企业对开发人员的基本技术素养强调得越来越多，例如:面向对象的程式设计思想和代码组织方法、HTML/CSS/JavaScript客户端技术;

4 为了保证质量和工期，企业中大量使用各种框架技术，要求开发人员至少熟悉一种框架技术;

5 MIS、OA、ERP、CRM、系统集成、物流、进销存、电子政务、网站建设这一类B/S系统，成为软体工程师需求最大的业务领域。

就业职位

主要有资料库开发工程师、网站开发工程师、电子商务开发工程师、VB程式设计师、VB高级程式设计师、C++程式设计师;网页开发人员;非IT专业信息部门的管理信息系统设计、开发、维护岗位，JAVA程式设计师;测试工程师;文档编写工程师 JAVA工程师;NET工程师;初级分析、设计人员等。

技能认证

java方向:scjp和scjd认证培训;方向中美IT、美国IEEE计算机学会培训 《软体工程》《图论与数理逻辑》

微软专家认证、Cisco专家认证、3COM资格认证、ADOBE资格认证、Oracle认证

薪资待遇

IT工程师城市之间差异比较大，一级城市(如深圳、上海等)初-高级IT工程师的待遇年薪在50000-100000之间;内地其他省会城市年薪一般在30000-80000之间，但工作量大，繁琐枯燥。

下面的文章写得不错哦，还有翻译，希望帮得到你

It is evident to everybody that people from eastern countries are more modest than westerners Well, is there something else

Since I just close the magazine Trends Cosmopolitan, I immediately come up with the idea that eastern women seem to be crazy about white skin, while beauties from France and America just desire their skin look young and full of energy Being a Chinese girl, I'd like to be white, but the constant exposure to intense sunshine in Xiamen disappoints me a little Maybe, the dark skin color, which is considered healthy and sexy in the west, is in c with the concept of humble in easterners minds

Once my English teacher said: "Come and visit me when it is convenient to you!" Most Chinese know this is not a real invitation, just a sign of welcome Surprisingly, her foreign friend replied:" OK! When and where Great! I can taste Chinese foods!", leaving my teacher embarrassed with the words:" AhMaybe next Sunday" The foreigner's response made us admit that though the world is flat, culture difference really exist

I reckon it is the different political styles that lead to the differences in culture China, for example, covers so extensive, that it needs a strong government to control it, whereas western counties are usually small, easily to develop democracy spirit When it comes to culture, westerners are more open, and more confident

How should we deal with the difference In my opinion, we should first of all make a full and accurate understanding of our own culture, then respect theirs, study theirs, and accept theirs The study of our own culture is very important, because the knowledge can make us more confident，more acceptable, and more modest

众所周知，东方人要比西方人谦逊含蓄。那么，东西方文化还有什么差别呢？

刚刚合上心爱的《时尚》杂志，我首先想到的是好像只有东方人执著于肌肤的白皙，而欧美的女性则只求她们的肌肤看起来年轻而充满活力。作为一个中国女孩，我还是喜欢白嫩的肌肤，但是厦门强烈的日晒多少让我有点失望。或许，被看作是健康和性感象征的深色肌肤有悖我们东方人心中谦和的概念吧。

有次我们英语老师说：“有空来我家玩！”大多数中国人都知道这不是一个正式的邀请，只不过是表示欢迎而已。出乎意料的是，她的外国朋友竟说：“好啊，什么时候？在哪？太棒啦,我可以尝尝中国菜啦！”弄得我老师一脸尴尬：“呃……下周六？”这个外国人的反应让我们不得不承认虽然世界是平的，但文化的差异确实存在。

我想这是政治体制的差异造成了东西方文化的不同。比如，中国幅员辽阔，就需要一个强有力的中央政府来管理控制，而西方国家大多国土狭小，中央管制不是太强，就比较容易发扬民主精神。在文化上就体现为西方人更加自信开放。

我们应当如何对待文化的差异呢？我想，我们首先应对自己的文化有一个全面而深入的认识，然后尊重他们的文化，学习他们的精华，容纳彼此的差异。对我们民族传统文化的学习是非常重要的，因为丰厚的人文底蕴可以让我们变得更为自信，更懂得接纳，更加谦虚。

It is always interesting to study other cultures and it is extremely important to do just that if you are going to have interactions with themYou don钬檛 want to insult someone or embarrass yourself and your own cultureChina is one of those interesting cultures mainly because what we usually know about the country is through movies or the local Chinese restaurantWhat I钬檝e learned over the years is that that knowledge is usually uselessSincere study of a culture is the only way to truly appreciate the differences

So,being an American what do I see as the 10 biggest cultural differences between the two countriesIt took a long time to narrow it all down since we could get so detailed that an encyclopedia would be the end resultBut the sweat over the computer paid off

These differences do not make either culture better or worse than the other oneIt just shows their differences which has been created through centuries of history and developmentChina can trace their traditions and customs for thousands of yearsAmerica is still a small babe of a nation that has had very few traditions of its own but has become such a melting pot of cultures that there is almost no specific American culture that can be said is applied across the boardThis makes both cultures unique and worthy of study and respect

1Social Structure 钬 In China the social structure is formal and hierarchicalYou know where you fit in the structure and you abide by the rules thereThere is no crossing into other areasIn America,it is much more loose and informalIt is not uncommon to see those of various social levels socializing and knowing each otherThere are very few lines that socially are not allowed to be crossedThis can cause problems in business relationships if the visiting culture is unaware of it

2Confrontation/Conflict钬 If you are planning on conducting business in China or expecting an extended stay,it might be useful to know that the direct way that most Americans approach issues is not the way to go in ChinaDirect conflict or confrontation over issues is highly frowned uponDoesn钬檛 matter that the 钬渢ruth钬 needs to be spoken,respect and honor to each person supersedes thatTo prove a point and show yourself in the right even over business issues is considered shameful and should be avoided

3Self 钬揟he Chinese looks more at the group collective than at individualismAmerica has become known for its push of individualism which has been a source of conflict with other cultures that look collectivelyA person from China is more prone to look at how their acts affect the whole instead of how it affects them personallyThey are more willing to give up and sacrifice for the greater goodAmerica钬檚 individualism has been its backbone and the reason for its success as a world power,but when visiting China it needs to be reined in

4Face/Reputation钬 Reputation of the individual is very important in ChinaIf an action will humiliate someone or ruin a reputation,it is avoidedWhen shame occurs,the person sacrifices their job or whatever it is that will heal the shameIn America,reputations come and go overnight and in the end usually does not matterThe end result is more of the focusA person is more likely to overlook a reputation to get the job done

5Business Relations 钬 When doing business in China,be prepared for much socializingBusiness becomes secondary as the parties get to know each betterIf it delays a contract,that is perfectly acceptable as long as the correct social time is allotted forIn America,business associates are usually more aloofThere might be some social gathering but the business is more important and the socializing will be sacrificed to get the job done if neededThough there seems to be shift in America regarding thisThe recognition of networking is becoming more pronounced

6Morals 钬揅hinese society places high values on the morals of their peopleMarriage is not encouraged until the late twentiesIn fact,dating is discouraged early in a young adult钬檚 life and proprieties are expected to be held upThe American culture is much more relaxed and some could even argue that there needs to be more moral emphasize

7Recognition of the Dead 钬 One of the time honored traditions of the Chinese is the recognition of the deadOnce a year,all members of a family visit the gravesites of each ancestor and pay their respectsHonoring ancestors is very important in Chinese cultureThis is in direct contrast to most Americans who rarely know where the majority of their ancestors are laid to restThis might be due to the fact that most Americans are immigrants who either have lost the information on grave locations or the locations are in foreign countriesChina钬檚 culture is much older and the percentage of immigration is far less

8Humility 钬揌umility is a revered virtue in Chinese cultureThe success of one钬檚 business or personal life is downplayed while in America the successes are laudedMost Americans in the fast business world consider humility a sign of weaknessThis can be an issue that hurts inter-cultural relationsBe very sensitive to comments and actions in the presence of another culture

9Time Sensitivity 钬 Crossing cultures for business can be frustrating when it interferes with getting the job doneMost Americans are very time sensitive when it comes to meetings and deadlinesIf the meeting was to commence at 2:00,then all parties are to be present at that timeThe Chinese do not view time as an absolute but more as a suggestionConcern is not expressed for a meeting starting late or ending at a different timeThe same can be applied to deadlinesIf a report is due on Friday,an American would be waiting for that report to be received before end of business dayThe Chinese would not worry if it showed up several days later

10Respect 钬揃eing sensitive to another person钬檚 needs is very important in Chinese cultureIt is expected that you will respect the other person and treat them wellTheir needs are met at each encounterThis is a characteristic that unfortunately has fallen on the wayside in most American circles

中美文化差异

在美国，笔者发现一个奇怪的现象，美国人喜好挖空心思地想点子玩，比如，开着自家车，有的车后还拖着一辆水上摩托艇或小游艇，从洛杉矶出发，冒着加州的炎炎烈日，驱车行驶四五百公里，到科罗拉多州的拉福林去度周末，而在美国的中国人则仍旧忙忙碌碌地奔波着，周末最多是全家一起在家吃顿饭或看电视。笔者好奇地请教了美国友人安德逊，为什么中国人和美国人在追求生活的享受上存在着如此大的反差呢？

安沉思了片刻说，这主要是两国文化习俗传统方面存在着差异所致。他说：“中国人是为他人生活，而美国人是为自己活着。”如何解释这个说法呢？友人安是这样说的，中国人到美国后首先是为自己的身份而奋斗，有了身份后就拼命挣钱，当然挣钱不是为了享受生活，而是为了后人：儿子女儿，甚至孙辈。中国人挣的钱自己舍不得花，都一点点地积攒起来准备在将来为下一代办点事或养老用。尽管在美国已获得身份的中国人无需再为自己的社会福利和医疗保险担忧，但他们仍过得很累，他们一直希望自己的银行存款每年有新的增长，今年有几万，明年希望挣几十万，后年则企盼上百万。

安说，中国人的兴趣似乎是喜欢看着存折上的数字在增大，因而他们花出去的钱很少。许多在美国已经扎根的中国人应该属于创业奋斗的一代，他们已经在美国获得了立足之本，但他们仍保留着中国人节俭的作风，舍不得花钱，不过也有例外，他们在孩子身上花钱却很大方。不少中国人有这样的心态，自己这一代创业时吃尽了苦，因此，应该让孩子生活得更好些。所以，在美国小学里，人们可以看到那些穿得最好的，口袋里零花钱最多的是中国人的小孩，而正宗的美国孩子穿着是很普通的，口袋里也没有多少零花钱。

曾有个传说，美国著名童装品牌“TOMMY”的老板对中国人有歧见，请的模特儿都不用黄皮肤的。但是当他看到美国的小学生穿“TOMMY”牌子最多的竟是中国人的孩子，这让他气不打一处来。洋人孩子的境况竟不如中国人的孩子。尽管如此，孩子的父母仍过得很辛苦，从早到晚忙个不停，很少有时间自己享受生活的。

与中国人“再苦不能苦孩子”的观念不同，美国人信奉的是为自己而活，一切都是为了自己生活得更好。因此，美国人挣钱的动力是为了享受生活，追求更高品质的生活质量。至于自己的父母或孩子，则不是自己关心的问题。父母有自己的养老金和社会福利，而孩子18岁就独立生活了。所以他们挣的钱尽可以放心大胆地花在自己身上。那么，美国人有钱是怎么花的呢？安介绍说，实际上，吃、穿花不了多少。穷人、富人在这方面并没有多大差别，花钱最多处当属购置住宅、购买游艇、汽车这些奢华生活用品以及海外旅行，在这些方面的花销是没有底的；住宅有公寓，有别墅，甚至有带私家游泳池的顶级别墅；而汽车有一般的，也有好的，林肯、卡迪拉克、凌志、宝马等。旅游有国内的，也有国际的，这方面花销同样也无止境，再多的钱也可以不够用，因此，美国人挣钱通常都是花销在上述享受项目上，而银行存款少得可怜，许多人几乎没有。在大街上行走，中国人口袋里要掏个三四百美元并不稀奇，但美国人就难说了。

在夏威夷海边，曾遇到一对来自加州的老夫妇，他们有6个孩子，都已经大学毕业工作了，有一位是在欧洲空中客车公司的计算机部任主管，年薪有百万美元，买了自己的别墅。他们老两口有养老金、医疗保险还有存款，不用管孩子，而孩子也无需资助自己。他们老两口口袋里的钱就是每年用于外出旅行，他们说，他们一年大约3次外出，可是令他们遗憾的是还没有到过中国。听说中国发生了很大的变化，他们打算找个时间去亲眼看一看。

由于中美两国的文化背景和生活习俗不同，造成了中国人和美国人的消费观念大不相同，最后引发了婚姻和家庭破裂的事时有发生。例如，一位中国女孩嫁给美国人之后，一般都希望结婚几年后能生个孩子，稳定婚姻和家庭关系，同时，也希望结婚几年后，家庭的存款能有一个可喜的数字。而美国有些男人对生孩子、存款根本没有兴趣，他们认为只要两人过得自在，何必为婚姻那张纸去烦恼呢？孩子只是一个羁绊，他会捆住自己手脚，令人根本受不了；至于存款，对美国人来说，这种镜中花水中月一般的钱，若没有花掉，那到底还算不算你本人的钱？还不如买条游艇乐一乐。就是这种文化观念导致的消费观念上的差异，使得最终中国女人无法忍受美国丈夫的无家庭责任心而离婚的事例不胜枚举。美国人通常不会想得那么多，我自己幸福就行了，为何要自寻烦恼活得那么累呢？这两种文化差异的冲突，导致了一些中美婚姻破裂的悲剧

中美文化差异

还清楚的记得来美国， 刚下飞机时的第一影像：自己好像还在地球上。

是的，那时有多傻。估计看到地平线和蓝天交汇都会新奇上半天。没错，如果美国人倒着

走路，我不会觉的奇怪，可是如果听到美国人对着我说中文：你好，我会无比的新奇。我

刚开始在美国找到的是共同点，而不是不同的地方。就像是好不容易抓了一个外星人，首

先同人类来比较。

好在自己也不是一个固执的民族主义者。自己在变，却没有发觉。不知不觉的，说话开始

避重就轻。不知不觉的，开始全面的尊重每一个人，等级观念淡化了。不知不觉地，吃饭

，付账的时候，split bills 不知不觉地同家人有了距离。不动声色保留自己的空间。

不知不觉地习惯了人与人之间的客气，义正词严的捍卫自己的尊严。

还记得大学的时候，有一个高年级的学长，他说，他要做一个会拍马屁的人。我想他是对

的，在社会大环境不断的认可马屁精的同时，每个人要去适当的适应大环境。就像达尔文

所说的，顺我者昌，逆我者亡。当然，每个社会都有一些有骨气的个体。也在挣扎，屈从

的也许不过是另外一个概念，道义和自尊。屈从，社会大环境也好，道义和自尊也好。人

类可选的倾向都是可以一一列数的。

在美国，社会大环境要人，要nice 多大的学者都谦卑的，那自己来开玩笑。今天考试的

时候，这位教这门课，较了20年的教授，说：有一次，考试的时候，我把考卷放在讲台上

就走了。后来过了 20分中回来时候，发现所有的人，都手里拿着计算器，盯着我。不过

他们好像没有因此而不高兴。我们都笑了，他是一个大笑料。他不会训你，你问多傻的问

题，他也会告诉你，他当初同你一样的不知道。

在国内，没有挨过骂的人有多少？只要是你的上级，哪怕是街头卖萝卜的，逮着机会就骂

你。你比别人笨，你比别人穷，你比别人丑，你比别人矮，你就倒霉，活该了，落到我手

里。

你要乖乖的听着，因为，如果你反抗，你有穿不尽的小鞋。哪怕买萝卜的，也要叫你买一

堆烂萝卜。

可是，你挨骂，穿小鞋是有好处的。在社会主义潜规则的运作下，你所受的委屈， 你拍

的马屁，都变成了实惠，回到了你的口袋。所有的承受，所有的不堪，在你成长的过程中

间，一步一步的积累。

在美国关系学是一样的，你同样要维系关系，同样要承受不公平。可是指望通过承受来获

利，是行不通的。没有那样一个大环境来保护你。被人骂了，不还口，你活该。被别人踩

着肩膀上了脑袋的，那是你自愿的。这个社会，讲究的是关系之间的平衡。没有一个潜规

则，将你的委屈变为利益转回你的口袋。

社会有大环境，群体有小环境。在美国的华人圈子，有这样一群人。

当他们熬出了头的时候，他们会踩下级的肩膀。肆无忌惮的侮辱下级的人格。但是他们遵

守美国社会的规则，机会只给强者。他们指望你会忠诚，求你无比的尊重。因为这是中华

民族的美德。但是他们不会去照顾弱者，应为美国的大环境不准许。这群人游走在中美文

化之间。不断的炫耀自己的丰富经历。变本加厉的将所有，他们经历的不公正行为强加在

中国人身上。因为他们知道中国人在美国没有安定感。承受力自然非统寻常。

华人不团结。没有文化核心，怎样团结？

文化差异本来是正常的一样东西，让这些人玩成把细。他们就靠着中国人在美的不安全感

，不断的翻云覆雨。这群人无论混的多好，他们是尴尬的。他们被夹在中美文化之间。没

有力量去突破自己，突破自己在受到不公正待遇所扭曲的那部分人格。想解放自己，又解

放的不彻底。

对我来说，对他们，没有同情与不同情之分。他们就是那样一个现象。残酷的一个现象。

用黑戈尔的话来结尾：存在的就是合理的。

10 Major Cultural Differences Between China and the United States of America

It is always interesting to study other cultures, and it is extremely important to do just that if you are going to have interactions with them You don’t want to insult someone, embarrass yourself, and your own culture Sincere study of a culture is the only way to truly appreciate the differences

These differences do not make either culture better or worse than the other one It just shows their differences which has been created through centuries of history and development China can trace their traditions and customs for thousands of years America is still a nation that has had very few traditions of its own, but has become such a melting pot of cultures that there is almost no specific American culture This makes both cultures unique, worthy of study, and respect

So, being an American what do I see as the 10 biggest cultural differences between the two countries American culture used to be much more concerned with moral behavior, respect, and reputation Unfortunately, we have fallen far from what we once were

1 Social Structure – In China the social structure is formal and hierarchical(分等级的） You know where you fit in the structure and you abide by the rules there There is no crossing into other areas In America, it is much more loose and informal It is not uncommon to see those of various social levels socializing and knowing each other There are very few lines that socially are not allowed to be crossed This can cause problems in business relationships if the visiting culture is unaware of it

2 Confrontation/Conflict– If you are planning on conducting business in China or expecting an extended stay, it might be useful to know that the direct way that most Americans approach issues is not the way to go in China Direct conflict or confrontation（对质） over issues is highly frowned upon Doesn’t matter that the “truth” needs to be spoken, respect and honor to each person supersedes that To prove a point and show yourself in the right even over business issues is considered shameful and should be avoided

3 Self –The Chinese looks more at the group collective than at individualism America has become known for its push of individualism which has been a source of conflict with other cultures that look collectively A person from China is more prone to look at how their acts affect the whole instead of how it affects them personally They are more willing to give up and sacrifice for the greater good America’s individualism has been its backbone and the reason for its success as a world power, but when visiting China it needs to be reined in

4 Face/Reputation– Reputation of the individual is very important in China If an action will humiliate someone or ruin a reputation, it is avoided When shame occurs, the person sacrifices their job or whatever it is that will heal the shame In America, reputations come and go overnight and in the end usually does not matter The end result is more of the focus A person is more likely to overlook a reputation to get the job done

5 Business Relations – When doing business in China, be prepared for much socializing Business becomes secondary as the parties get to know each better If it delays a contract, that is perfectly acceptable as long as the correct social time is allotted for In America, business associates are usually more aloof There might be some social gathering but the business is more important and the socializing will be sacrificed to get the job done if needed Though there seems to be shift in America regarding this The recognition of networking is becoming more pronounced

6 Morals –Chinese society places high values on the morals of their people Marriage is not encouraged until the late twenties In fact, dating is discouraged early in a young adult’s life and proprieties are expected to be held up The American culture is much more relaxed and some could even argue that there needs to be more moral emphasize

7 Recognition of the Dead – One of the time honored traditions of the Chinese is the recognition of the dead Once a year, all members of a family visit the gravesites of each ancestor and pay their respects Honoring ancestors is very important in Chinese culture This is in direct contrast to most Americans who rarely know where the majority of their ancestors are laid to rest This might be due to the fact that most Americans are immigrants who either have lost the information on grave locations or the locations are in foreign countries China’s culture is much older and the percentage of immigration is far less

8 Humility –Humility is a revered virtue in Chinese culture The success of one’s business or personal life is downplayed while in America the successes are lauded Most Americans in the fast business world consider humility a sign of weakness This can be an issue that hurts inter-cultural relations Be very sensitive to comments and actions in the presence of another culture

9 Time Sensitivity – Crossing cultures for business can be frustrating when it interferes with getting the job done Most Americans are very time sensitive when it comes to meetings and deadlines If the meeting was to commence at 2:00, then all parties are to be present at that time The Chinese do not view time as an absolute but more as a suggestion Concern is not expressed for a meeting starting late or ending at a different time The same can be applied to deadlines If a report is due on Friday, an American would be waiting for that report to be received before end of business day The Chinese would not worry if it showed up several days later

10 Respect –Being sensitive to another person’s needs is very important in Chinese culture It is expected that you will respect the other person and treat them well

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