python的真实感图形生成(含源码)

概述基于python生成真实感图形简介一、运行结果图二、python源码三、实现思路简介  本文是利用python生成一颗行星以及它周围的环带，它是由线、点构造而成的二维平面图形。一、运行结果图  源代码运行结果如下：  去掉坐标轴结果如下：二、python源码  实现以上

基于python生成真实感图形简介一、运行结果图二、python源码三、实现思路

简介

  本文是利用python生成一颗行星以及它周围的环带，它是由线、点构造而成的二维平面图形。

一、运行结果图

  源代码运行结果如下：

  去掉坐标轴结果如下：

二、python源码

  实现以上结果源码如下：

"""  本代码绘制了小行星以及它周围的环带"""import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom math import sin, cos, radians, sqrtdef rotx(xc, yc, zc, xp, yp, zp, Rx):    g[0] = xp + xc    g[1] = yp * cos(Rx) - zp * sin(Rx) + yc    g[2] = yp * sin(Rx) + zp * cos(Rx) + zc    return gdef roty(xc, yc, zc, xp, yp, zp, Ry):    g[0] = xp * cos(Ry) + zp * sin(Ry) + xc    g[1] = yp + yc    g[2] = -xp * sin(Ry) + zp * cos(Ry) + zc    return gdef rotz(xc, yc, zc, xp, yp, zp, Rz):    g[0] = xp * cos(Rz) - yp * sin(Rz) + xc    g[1] = xp * sin(Rz) + yp * cos(Rz) + yc    g[2] = zp + zc    return gplt.axis([0,150,100,0])plt.axis('off')plt.grID(False)print('冲冲冲！！！！！')#定义参数g=[0]*3xc=80 #圆心yc=50zc=0rs=25 #球面半径lx=-1 #光线单位矢量分量ly=0lz=0IA=0 # 定义曲线IB=.8n=2Rx=radians(-20)Ry=radians(0)Rz=radians(30)# 添加背景色for x in np.arange(0,150,1):     for y in np.arange(0,100,1):          plt.scatter(x,y,color = 'mIDnightblue')#绘制球体## 横向phi1 = radians(-90)phi2 = radians(90)dhpi = radians(2)Alpha1 = radians(0)Alpha2 = radians(360)dAlpha = radians(2)for Alpha in np.arange(Alpha1,Alpha2+dAlpha,dAlpha):    for phi in np.arange(phi1,phi2+dhpi,dhpi):        xp = rs * cos(phi) * cos(Alpha)        yp = rs * sin(phi)        zp = -rs * cos(phi) * sin(Alpha)        rotx(xc, yc, zc, xp, yp, zp, Rx)        xp = g[0] - xc        yp = g[1] - yc        zp = g[2] - zc        roty(xc, yc, zc, xp, yp, zp, Ry)        xp = g[0] - xc        yp = g[1] - yc        zp = g[2] - zc        rotz(xc, yc, zc, xp, yp, zp, Rz)        xpg = g[0]        ypg = g[1]        zpg = g[2]        a = xpg - xc        b = ypg - yc        c = zpg - zc        qp = sqrt(a*a+b*b+c*c)        nx = a/qp        ny = b/qp        nz = c/qp        ndotl = nx * lx + ny * ly + nz * lz        I = IA + (IB-IA)*((1+ndotl)/2)**n        if phi == phi1:            xpglast = xpg            ypglast = ypg        if nz < 0:            plt.plot([xpglast,xpg],[ypglast,ypg],linewidth = 4,                     color = ((1-I),.8*(1-I),.45*(1-I)))            xpglast = xpg            ypglast = ypg## 纵向for phi in np.arange(phi1,phi2+dhpi,dhpi):    r = rs * cos(phi)    for Alpha in np.arange(Alpha1, Alpha2 + dAlpha, dAlpha):        xp = r * cos(Alpha)        yp = rs * sin(phi)        zp = -rs * cos(phi) * sin(Alpha)        rotx(xc, yc, zc, xp, yp, zp, Rx)        xp = g[0] - xc        yp = g[1] - yc        zp = g[2] - zc        roty(xc, yc, zc, xp, yp, zp, Ry)        xp = g[0] - xc        yp = g[1] - yc        zp = g[2] - zc        rotz(xc, yc, zc, xp, yp, zp, Rz)        xpg = g[0]        ypg = g[1]        zpg = g[2]        a = xpg - xc        b = ypg - yc        c = zpg - zc        qp = sqrt(a*a+b*b+c*c)        nx = a/qp        ny = b/qp        nz = c/qp        ndotl = nx * lx + ny * ly + nz * lz        textbfI = IA + (IB-IA)*((1+ndotl)/2)**n        if Alpha == Alpha1:            xpglast = xpg            ypglast = ypg        if nz < 0:            plt.plot([xpglast,xpg],[ypglast,ypg],linewidth = 4,                     color = ((1-I),.8*(1-I),.45*(1-I)))            xpglast = xpg            ypglast = ypg#绘制外围环形带Alpha1=radians(-10)Alpha2=radians(370)dAlpha=radians(.5)r1=rs*1.5r2=rs*2.2dr=rs*.02deltar=(r2-r1)/7 #环形带宽#旋转位于rα的环点pfor r in np.arange(r1,r2,dr):    for Alpha in np.arange(Alpha1,Alpha2,dAlpha):        xp=r*cos(Alpha)        yp=0        zp=-r*sin(Alpha)        rotx(xc,yc,zc,xp,yp,zp,Rx)        xp=g[0]-xc        yp=g[1]-yc        zp=g[2]-zc        roty(xc,yc,zc,xp,yp,zp,Ry)        xp=g[0]-xc        yp=g[1]-yc        zp=g[2]-zc        rotz(xc,yc,zc,xp,yp,zp,Rz)        xpg=g[0]        ypg=g[1]        zpg=g[2]#选择环带颜色        if r1 <= r < r1+1*deltar:            clr=(.63,.54,.18)        if r1+1*deltar <= r <= r1+2*deltar:            clr=(.78,.7,.1)        if r1+2*deltar <= r <= r1+3*deltar:            clr=(.95,.85,.1)        if r1+3*deltar <= r <= r1+4*deltar:            clr=(.87,.8,.1)        if r1+5*deltar <= r <= r1+7*deltar:            clr=(.7,.6,.2)#阴影        magu=sqrt(lx*lx+ly*ly+lz*lz)        ux=-lx/magu        uy=-ly/magu        uz=-lz/magu        vx=xc-xpg        vy=yc-ypg        vz=zc-zpg        Bx=uy*vz-uz*vy        By=uz*vx-ux*vz        Bz=ux*vy-uy*vx        magB=sqrt(Bx*Bx+By*By+Bz*Bz)        if magB < rs: #在阴影区域            if vx*lx+vy*ly+vz*lz <= 0:                clr=(.5,.5,.2)        if r1+4*deltar <= r <= r1+5*deltar:            clr='mIDnightblue'#绘制线段        if Alpha == Alpha1:            xstart=xpg            ystart=ypg        if zpg <= zc:            plt.plot([xstart,xpg],[ystart,ypg],linewidth=2,color=clr)        if zpg >= zc:            a=xpg-xc            b=ypg-yc            c=sqrt(a*a+b*b)            if c > rs*1.075: #仅绘制环的可见部分                plt.plot([xstart,xpg],[ystart,ypg],linewidth=2,color=clr)            xstart=xpg            ystart=ypgplt.show()

三、实现思路

  本绘制总共分为三部分：首先是定义参数，其次是绘制中心的球体，最后是绘制外围环带。
  定义参数是通过建立数学模型，借了书中的示例，对数学感兴趣可参考《python图形编程2D和3D图像的创建》这本书。
  绘制球体和外围环带有遮挡和阴影，需要消隐之类的 *** 作，这些在实现的过程中有一定难度。
  本图绘制是用线、点构成的，其中背景是用点来构成，而图形是采用线构成，前文效果展示时看不出来，但是将局部放大展示使可以很清楚的看到。这也让我更深刻的理解了“点动成线、线动成面”这句话。很棒！希望本文对学习中的您有帮助。
  局部展示图：点为背景，线为图像。

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