半导体激光器的特性

laser diode是以半导体材料为工作物质的一类激光器件。除了具有激光器的共同特点外，还具有以下优点：(1) 体积小，重量轻；

(2) 驱动功率和电流较低；

(3) 效率高、工作寿命长；

(4) 可直接电调制；

(5) 易于与各种光电子器件实现光电子集成；

(6) 与半导体制造技术兼容；可大批量生产。由于这些特点，半导体激光器自问世以来得到了世界各国的广泛关注与研究。成为世界上发展最快、应用最广泛、最早走出实验室实现商用化且产值最大的一类激光器。经过40多年的发展，半导体激光器已经从最初的低温77K、脉冲运转发展到室温连续工作、工作波长从最开始的红外、红光扩展到蓝紫光；阈值电流由105 A/cm2量级降至102 A/cm2量级；工作电流最小到亚mA量级；输出功率从几mW到阵列器件输出功率达数kW；结构从同质结发展到单异质结、双异质结、量子阱、量子阱阵列、分布反馈型、DFB、分布布拉格反射型、DBR等270多种形式。制作方法从扩散法发展到液相外延、LPE、气相外延、VPE、金属有机化合物淀积、MOCVD、分子束外延、MBE、化学束外延、CBE等多种制备工艺。

1. Semiconductor laser also known as laser diodes (LD). Into the 1980s, people absorb the semiconductor development of the latest achievements in physics, using a quantum well (QW) and strained quantum well (SL-QW), and other new structures, the introduction of index modulation Bragg launchers and enhanced modulation Bragg launchers The latest technology, and also the development of the MBE, MOCVD and the CBE, and other new technology of crystal growth, making the new epitaxial growth technology to precisely control the crystal growth, to achieve the precision of atomic layers thick, high-quality grown quantum wells and strained quantum well materials. Thus, to create the LD, the threshold current significant drop significantly improve the conversion efficiency, output power have increased significantly lengthen life.

2. Optoelectronics, the rapid development mainly based on quantum mechanics and materials science in the development, with particular attention is the development of optoelectronic semiconductors. LED, LD Shenqi these electronic devices is the result of this development, particularly the recent development of the organic photoelectric materials, and more is great to promote the progress of the photoelectric materials.

Why is the first semiconductor LED »

When the electronic conduction band jumped from the top to enter the zone at the time, a certain loss of energy, the energy becomes a photon emission out, is popular to say that the luminescence. Oh:) semiconductor laser is a direct bandgap semiconductor materials constitute the PN junction of material or PIN entered into a small laser. Semiconductor laser work of dozens of substances, has made laser Jia arsenide semiconductor material (GaAs), arsenic Gu (InAs), gallium nitride (GaN), antimony and Gu (InSb), curing the pot (cds), hoof-fu (CdTe), lead selenide (PbSe), tellurium and lead (PhTe ), Al Jia arsenic (A1xGa, -, As), Gu phosphorus arsenic (In-PxAS), and so on. Semiconductor laser incentive There are three main ways, that is, people-Note, optical pump-and-high-energy electron beam incentives. The vast majority of Semiconductor laser is the way of incentives, Notes, or to Pn guitar and forward voltage, so that the guitar in a regional plane stimulated emission, that is a positive bias of the diodes, also known as the semiconductor laser diode laser diode . On the semiconductor, electronics is due in the transition between the band, rather than in discrete energy levels between the transition, the transition energy is not a set value, which makes semiconductor laser output wavelength distribution in a very broad The scope. They issued by the wavelength of between 0.3-34um. Wavelength range of its decision on the materials used by the band gap, the most common is AlGaA: double-heterojunction laser, the output wavelength of 750 - 890nm. The world On the first semiconductor laser is available in 1962, after several decades of research, semiconductor laser achieved a surprising development, and its infrared wavelengths from the red light green to blue, gradually expanding the scope covered, the performance Parameters also have greatly increased their production by the proliferation of technology has to LPE Law Act (LPE), extension of gas (VPE), MBE Act (MBE), MOCVD method (metal organic compounds vapor deposition) , Chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) and their various combined, and other technology. Lasing closure of its current value from a few hundred mA down to a few dozen mA, until the sub-mA, its life expectancy by a few hundred to tens of thousands of hours, and 1 million hours from the initial low-temperature (77 K) under development to operate at room temperature for work, the power output by several milliwatts to kilowatts level (Array) it has a high efficiency, small size, light weight, simple structure, can Power for the direct conversion of laser energy, high power conversion efficiency (has reached more than 10 per cent, up to 50 per cent). Facilitate direct modulation, power-saving advantages, applications growing. At present, the fixed-wavelength laser diode to use the number of Habitat All of the first laser, the application of certain important areas over the past used the other lasers, has gradually been replaced by a semiconductor laser.

Semiconductor Laser is the biggest drawback: laser properties affected by temperature, the beam divergence angle greater (in general several times to 20 degrees), so in the direction and coherence of monochrome and other poor areas. But with the With the rapid development of science and technology, the semiconductor laser-depth study positive direction, the performance of semiconductor laser continuously improve. Semiconductor laser power can reach very high level, and beam quality has been greatly improved. Semiconductor laser as to The core semiconductor photonics technology in the 21st century information society will make more progress, play a bigger role.

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